please give me some suggestion about the first question, thanks very much.
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The Regents of the University of California. All rights reserved.
FreeBSD is a registered trademark of The FreeBSD Foundation.
FreeBSD 14.2-RELEASE releng/14.2-n269506-c8918d6c7412 GENERIC amd64
FreeBSD clang version 18.1.6 (
https://github.com/llvm/llvm-project.git llvmorg-18.1.6-0-g1118c2e05e67)
VT(vga): resolution 640x480
CPU: AMD Ryzen 7 8845HS w/ Radeon 780M Graphics (3793.09-MHz K8-class CPU)
Origin="AuthenticAMD" Id=0xa70f52 Family=0x19 Model=0x75 Stepping=2
Features=0x178bfbff<FPU,VME,DE,PSE,TSC,MSR,PAE,MCE,CX8,APIC,SEP,MTRR,PGE,MCA,CMOV,PAT,PSE36,CLFLUSH,MMX,FXSR,SSE,SSE2,HTT>
Features2=0x7ef8320b<SSE3,PCLMULQDQ,MON,SSSE3,FMA,CX16,SSE4.1,SSE4.2,x2APIC,MOVBE,POPCNT,AESNI,XSAVE,OSXSAVE,AVX,F16C,RDRAND>
AMD Features=0x2e500800<SYSCALL,NX,MMX+,FFXSR,Page1GB,RDTSCP,LM>
AMD Features2=0x75c237ff<LAHF,CMP,SVM,ExtAPIC,CR8,ABM,SSE4A,MAS,Prefetch,OSVW,IBS,SKINIT,WDT,TCE,Topology,PCXC,PNXC,DBE,PL2I,MWAITX,ADMSKX>
Structured Extended Features=0xf1bf97a9<FSGSBASE,BMI1,AVX2,SMEP,BMI2,ERMS,INVPCID,PQM,PQE,AVX512F,AVX512DQ,RDSEED,ADX,SMAP,AVX512IFMA,CLFLUSHOPT,CLWB,AVX512CD,SHA,AVX512BW,AVX512VL>
Structured Extended Features2=0x405fde<AVX512VBMI,UMIP,PKU,OSPKE,AVX512VBMI2,GFNI,VAES,VPCLMULQDQ,AVX512VNNI,AVX512BITALG,AVX512VPOPCNTDQ,RDPID>
Structured Extended Features3=0x10000010<FSRM,L1DFL>
XSAVE Features=0xf<XSAVEOPT,XSAVEC,XINUSE,XSAVES>
AMD Extended Feature Extensions ID EBX=0x191ef257<CLZERO,IRPerf,XSaveErPtr,RDPRU,BE,WBNOINVD,IBPB,INT_WBINVD,IBRS,STIBP,STIBP_ALWAYSON,PREFER_IBRS,SAMEMODE_IBRS,NOLMSLE,SSBD,CPPC,PSFD>
SVM: NP,NRIP,VClean,AFlush,DAssist,NAsids=32768
TSC: P-state invariant, performance statistics
real memory = 34358689792 (32767 MB)
avail memory = 24787443712 (23639 MB)
Event timer "LAPIC" quality 600
ACPI APIC Table: <ALASKA A M I >
FreeBSD/SMP: Multiprocessor System Detected: 16 CPUs
FreeBSD/SMP: 1 package(s) x 8 core(s) x 2 hardware threads
random: registering fast source Intel Secure Key RNG
random: fast provider: "Intel Secure Key RNG"
random: unblocking device.
ioapic0 <Version 2.1> irqs 0-23
ioapic1 <Version 2.1> irqs 24-55
Launching APs: 1 9 7 13 15 10 3 5 2 11 4 12 14 6 8
random: entropy device external interface
kbd0 at kbdmux0
efirtc0: <EFI Realtime Clock>
efirtc0: registered as a time-of-day clock, resolution 1.000000s
vtvga0: <VT VGA driver>
smbios0: <System Management BIOS> at iomem 0x9ad78000-0x9ad7801e
smbios0: Version: 3.5, BCD Revision: 3.5
aesni0: <AES-CBC,AES-CCM,AES-GCM,AES-ICM,AES-XTS,SHA1,SHA256>
acpi0: <ALASKA A M I >
Firmware Error (ACPI): Could not resolve symbol [\134_SB.PCI0.GPP6.WLAN], AE_NOT_FOUND (20221020/dswload2-315)
ACPI Error: AE_NOT_FOUND, During name lookup/catalog (20221020/psobject-372)
Firmware Error (ACPI): Failure creating named object [\134_SB.PCI0.GPP6._S0W], AE_ALREADY_EXISTS (20221020/dswload2-480)
ACPI Error: AE_ALREADY_EXISTS, During name lookup/catalog (20221020/psobject-372)
Firmware Error (ACPI): Failure creating named object [\134_SB.PCI0.GPP6._PRW], AE_ALREADY_EXISTS (20221020/dswload2-480)
ACPI Error: AE_ALREADY_EXISTS, During name lookup/catalog (20221020/psobject-372)
Firmware Error (ACPI): Could not resolve symbol [\134_SB.PCI0.GPP6.WLAN], AE_NOT_FOUND (20221020/dswload2-315)
ACPI Error: AE_NOT_FOUND, During name lookup/catalog (20221020/psobject-372)
AMD-Vi: IVRS Info VAsize = 64 PAsize = 48 GVAsize = 2 flags:0
attimer0: <AT timer> port 0x40-0x43 irq 0 on acpi0
Timecounter "i8254" frequency 1193182 Hz quality 0
Event timer "i8254" frequency 1193182 Hz quality 100
atrtc0: <AT realtime clock> port 0x70-0x71 on acpi0
atrtc0: registered as a time-of-day clock, resolution 1.000000s
Event timer "RTC" frequency 32768 Hz quality 0
hpet0: <High Precision Event Timer> iomem 0xfed00000-0xfed003ff irq 0,8 on acpi0
Timecounter "HPET" frequency 14318180 Hz quality 950
Event timer "HPET" frequency 14318180 Hz quality 350
Event timer "HPET1" frequency 14318180 Hz quality 350
Event timer "HPET2" frequency 14318180 Hz quality 350
Timecounter "ACPI-fast" frequency 3579545 Hz quality 900
acpi_timer0: <32-bit timer at 3.579545MHz> port 0x808-0x80b on acpi0
pcib0: <ACPI Host-PCI bridge> port 0xcf8-0xcff on acpi0
pci0: <ACPI PCI bus> on pcib0
amdiommu0 at device 0.2 on pci0
pcib1: <ACPI PCI-PCI bridge> at device 1.1 on pci0
pcib2: <ACPI PCI-PCI bridge> at device 1.3 on pci0
pci1: <ACPI PCI bus> on pcib2
hostb0@pci0:0:0:0: class=0x060000 rev=0x00 hdr=0x00 vendor=0x1022 device=0x14e8 subvendor=0x1022 subdevice=0x14e8
vendor = 'Advanced Micro Devices, Inc. [AMD]'
class = bridge
subclass = HOST-PCI
amdiommu0@pci0:0:0:2: class=0x080600 rev=0x00 hdr=0x00 vendor=0x1022 device=0x14e9 subvendor=0x1022 subdevice=0x14e9
vendor = 'Advanced Micro Devices, Inc. [AMD]'
class = base peripheral
subclass = IOMMU
hostb1@pci0:0:1:0: class=0x060000 rev=0x00 hdr=0x00 vendor=0x1022 device=0x14ea subvendor=0x0000 subdevice=0x0000
vendor = 'Advanced Micro Devices, Inc. [AMD]'
class = bridge
subclass = HOST-PCI
pcib1@pci0:0:1:1: class=0x060400 rev=0x00 hdr=0x01 vendor=0x1022 device=0x14ed subvendor=0x1022 subdevice=0x1453
vendor = 'Advanced Micro Devices, Inc. [AMD]'
class = bridge
subclass = PCI-PCI
pcib2@pci0:0:1:3: class=0x060400 rev=0x00 hdr=0x01 vendor=0x1022 device=0x14ee subvendor=0x1022 subdevice=0x1453
vendor = 'Advanced Micro Devices, Inc. [AMD]'
class = bridge
subclass = PCI-PCI
hostb2@pci0:0:2:0: class=0x060000 rev=0x00 hdr=0x00 vendor=0x1022 device=0x14ea subvendor=0x0000 subdevice=0x0000
vendor = 'Advanced Micro Devices, Inc. [AMD]'
class = bridge
subclass = HOST-PCI
pcib3@pci0:0:2:1: class=0x060400 rev=0x00 hdr=0x01 vendor=0x1022 device=0x14ee subvendor=0x1022 subdevice=0x1453
vendor = 'Advanced Micro Devices, Inc. [AMD]'
class = bridge
subclass = PCI-PCI
pcib4@pci0:0:2:2: class=0x060400 rev=0x00 hdr=0x01 vendor=0x1022 device=0x14ee subvendor=0x1022 subdevice=0x1453
vendor = 'Advanced Micro Devices, Inc. [AMD]'
class = bridge
subclass = PCI-PCI
pcib5@pci0:0:2:4: class=0x060400 rev=0x00 hdr=0x01 vendor=0x1022 device=0x14ee subvendor=0x1022 subdevice=0x1453
vendor = 'Advanced Micro Devices, Inc. [AMD]'
class = bridge
subclass = PCI-PCI
hostb3@pci0:0:3:0: class=0x060000 rev=0x00 hdr=0x00 vendor=0x1022 device=0x14ea subvendor=0x0000 subdevice=0x0000
vendor = 'Advanced Micro Devices, Inc. [AMD]'
class = bridge
subclass = HOST-PCI
pcib6@pci0:0:3:1: class=0x060400 rev=0x00 hdr=0x01 vendor=0x1022 device=0x14ef subvendor=0x1022 subdevice=0x1453
vendor = 'Advanced Micro Devices, Inc. [AMD]'
device = 'Family 19h USB4/Thunderbolt PCIe tunnel'
class = bridge
subclass = PCI-PCI
none0@pci0:0:3:2: class=0x000000 rev=0x00 hdr=0x00 vendor=0x0000 device=0x0000 subvendor=0x0000 subdevice=0x0000
class = old
subclass = non-VGA display device
none1@pci0:0:3:3: class=0x000000 rev=0x00 hdr=0x00 vendor=0x0000 device=0x0000 subvendor=0x0000 subdevice=0x0000
class = old
subclass = non-VGA display device
none2@pci0:0:3:4: class=0x000000 rev=0x00 hdr=0x00 vendor=0x0000 device=0x0000 subvendor=0x0000 subdevice=0x0000
class = old
subclass = non-VGA display device
hostb4@pci0:0:4:0: class=0x060000 rev=0x00 hdr=0x00 vendor=0x1022 device=0x14ea subvendor=0x0000 subdevice=0x0000
vendor = 'Advanced Micro Devices, Inc. [AMD]'
class = bridge
subclass = HOST-PCI
pcib7@pci0:0:4:1: class=0x060400 rev=0x00 hdr=0x01 vendor=0x1022 device=0x14ef subvendor=0x1022 subdevice=0x1453
vendor = 'Advanced Micro Devices, Inc. [AMD]'
device = 'Family 19h USB4/Thunderbolt PCIe tunnel'
class = bridge
subclass = PCI-PCI
hostb5@pci0:0:8:0: class=0x060000 rev=0x00 hdr=0x00 vendor=0x1022 device=0x14ea subvendor=0x0000 subdevice=0x0000
vendor = 'Advanced Micro Devices, Inc. [AMD]'
class = bridge
subclass = HOST-PCI
pcib8@pci0:0:8:1: class=0x060400 rev=0x00 hdr=0x01 vendor=0x1022 device=0x14eb subvendor=0x1022 subdevice=0x14eb
vendor = 'Advanced Micro Devices, Inc. [AMD]'
class = bridge
subclass = PCI-PCI
pcib9@pci0:0:8:2: class=0x060400 rev=0x00 hdr=0x01 vendor=0x1022 device=0x14eb subvendor=0x1022 subdevice=0x14eb
vendor = 'Advanced Micro Devices, Inc. [AMD]'
class = bridge
subclass = PCI-PCI
pcib10@pci0:0:8:3: class=0x060400 rev=0x00 hdr=0x01 vendor=0x1022 device=0x14eb subvendor=0x1022 subdevice=0x14eb
vendor = 'Advanced Micro Devices, Inc. [AMD]'
class = bridge
subclass = PCI-PCI
none3@pci0:0:20:0: class=0x0c0500 rev=0x71 hdr=0x00 vendor=0x1022 device=0x790b subvendor=0x1022 subdevice=0x790b
vendor = 'Advanced Micro Devices, Inc. [AMD]'
device = 'FCH SMBus Controller'
class = serial bus
subclass = SMBus
isab0@pci0:0:20:3: class=0x060100 rev=0x51 hdr=0x00 vendor=0x1022 device=0x790e subvendor=0x1022 subdevice=0x790e
vendor = 'Advanced Micro Devices, Inc. [AMD]'
device = 'FCH LPC Bridge'
class = bridge
subclass = PCI-ISA
hostb6@pci0:0:24:0: class=0x060000 rev=0x00 hdr=0x00 vendor=0x1022 device=0x14f0 subvendor=0x0000 subdevice=0x0000
vendor = 'Advanced Micro Devices, Inc. [AMD]'
class = bridge
subclass = HOST-PCI
hostb7@pci0:0:24:1: class=0x060000 rev=0x00 hdr=0x00 vendor=0x1022 device=0x14f1 subvendor=0x0000 subdevice=0x0000
vendor = 'Advanced Micro Devices, Inc. [AMD]'
class = bridge
subclass = HOST-PCI
hostb8@pci0:0:24:2: class=0x060000 rev=0x00 hdr=0x00 vendor=0x1022 device=0x14f2 subvendor=0x0000 subdevice=0x0000
vendor = 'Advanced Micro Devices, Inc. [AMD]'
class = bridge
subclass = HOST-PCI
hostb9@pci0:0:24:3: class=0x060000 rev=0x00 hdr=0x00 vendor=0x1022 device=0x14f3 subvendor=0x0000 subdevice=0x0000
vendor = 'Advanced Micro Devices, Inc. [AMD]'
class = bridge
subclass = HOST-PCI
hostb10@pci0:0:24:4: class=0x060000 rev=0x00 hdr=0x00 vendor=0x1022 device=0x14f4 subvendor=0x0000 subdevice=0x0000
vendor = 'Advanced Micro Devices, Inc. [AMD]'
class = bridge
subclass = HOST-PCI
hostb11@pci0:0:24:5: class=0x060000 rev=0x00 hdr=0x00 vendor=0x1022 device=0x14f5 subvendor=0x0000 subdevice=0x0000
vendor = 'Advanced Micro Devices, Inc. [AMD]'
class = bridge
subclass = HOST-PCI
hostb12@pci0:0:24:6: class=0x060000 rev=0x00 hdr=0x00 vendor=0x1022 device=0x14f6 subvendor=0x0000 subdevice=0x0000
vendor = 'Advanced Micro Devices, Inc. [AMD]'
class = bridge
subclass = HOST-PCI
hostb13@pci0:0:24:7: class=0x060000 rev=0x00 hdr=0x00 vendor=0x1022 device=0x14f7 subvendor=0x0000 subdevice=0x0000
vendor = 'Advanced Micro Devices, Inc. [AMD]'
class = bridge
subclass = HOST-PCI
igc0@pci0:2:0:0: class=0x020000 rev=0x04 hdr=0x00 vendor=0x8086 device=0x125c subvendor=0x8086 subdevice=0x0000
vendor = 'Intel Corporation'
device = 'Ethernet Controller I226-V'
class = network
subclass = ethernet
igc1@pci0:3:0:0: class=0x020000 rev=0x04 hdr=0x00 vendor=0x8086 device=0x125c subvendor=0x8086 subdevice=0x0000
vendor = 'Intel Corporation'
device = 'Ethernet Controller I226-V'
class = network
subclass = ethernet
iwlwifi0@pci0:4:0:0: class=0x028000 rev=0x1a hdr=0x00 vendor=0x8086 device=0x2723 subvendor=0x8086 subdevice=0x0084
vendor = 'Intel Corporation'
device = 'Wi-Fi 6 AX200'
class = network
nvme0@pci0:5:0:0: class=0x010802 rev=0x03 hdr=0x00 vendor=0x126f device=0x2263 subvendor=0x126f subdevice=0x2263
vendor = 'Silicon Motion, Inc.'
device = 'SM2263EN/SM2263XT (DRAM-less) NVMe SSD Controllers'
class = mass storage
subclass = NVM
vgapci0@pci0:198:0:0: class=0x030000 rev=0xc5 hdr=0x00 vendor=0x1002 device=0x1900 subvendor=0x1002 subdevice=0x0124
vendor = 'Advanced Micro Devices, Inc. [AMD/ATI]'
device = 'Phoenix3'
class = display
subclass = VGA
hdac0@pci0:198:0:1: class=0x040300 rev=0x00 hdr=0x00 vendor=0x1002 device=0x1640 subvendor=0x1002 subdevice=0x1640
vendor = 'Advanced Micro Devices, Inc. [AMD/ATI]'
device = 'Rembrandt Radeon High Definition Audio Controller'
class = multimedia
subclass = HDA
none4@pci0:198:0:2: class=0x108000 rev=0x00 hdr=0x00 vendor=0x1022 device=0x15c7 subvendor=0x1022 subdevice=0x15c7
vendor = 'Advanced Micro Devices, Inc. [AMD]'
device = 'Family 19h (Model 74h) CCP/PSP 3.0 Device'
class = encrypt/decrypt
xhci0@pci0:198:0:3: class=0x0c0330 rev=0x00 hdr=0x00 vendor=0x1022 device=0x15b9 subvendor=0x1022 subdevice=0x15b9
vendor = 'Advanced Micro Devices, Inc. [AMD]'
class = serial bus
subclass = USB
xhci1@pci0:198:0:4: class=0x0c0330 rev=0x00 hdr=0x00 vendor=0x1022 device=0x15ba subvendor=0x1022 subdevice=0x15b9
vendor = 'Advanced Micro Devices, Inc. [AMD]'
class = serial bus
subclass = USB
none5@pci0:198:0:5: class=0x048000 rev=0x63 hdr=0x00 vendor=0x1022 device=0x15e2 subvendor=0x10ec subdevice=0x12e8
vendor = 'Advanced Micro Devices, Inc. [AMD]'
device = 'ACP/ACP3X/ACP6x Audio Coprocessor'
class = multimedia
hdac1@pci0:198:0:6: class=0x040300 rev=0x00 hdr=0x00 vendor=0x1022 device=0x15e3 subvendor=0x10ec subdevice=0x12e8
vendor = 'Advanced Micro Devices, Inc. [AMD]'
device = 'Family 17h/19h HD Audio Controller'
class = multimedia
subclass = HDA
none6@pci0:199:0:0: class=0x130000 rev=0x00 hdr=0x00 vendor=0x1022 device=0x14ec subvendor=0x1022 subdevice=0x14ec
vendor = 'Advanced Micro Devices, Inc. [AMD]'
class = non-essential instrumentation
none7@pci0:199:0:1: class=0x118000 rev=0x00 hdr=0x00 vendor=0x1022 device=0x1502 subvendor=0x1022 subdevice=0x1502
vendor = 'Advanced Micro Devices, Inc. [AMD]'
device = 'AMD IPU Device'
class = dasp
none8@pci0:200:0:0: class=0x130000 rev=0x00 hdr=0x00 vendor=0x1022 device=0x14ec subvendor=0x1022 subdevice=0x14ec
vendor = 'Advanced Micro Devices, Inc. [AMD]'
class = non-essential instrumentation
xhci2@pci0:200:0:3: class=0x0c0330 rev=0x00 hdr=0x00 vendor=0x1022 device=0x15c0 subvendor=0x1022 subdevice=0x15c0
vendor = 'Advanced Micro Devices, Inc. [AMD]'
class = serial bus
subclass = USB
xhci3@pci0:200:0:4: class=0x0c0330 rev=0x00 hdr=0x00 vendor=0x1022 device=0x15c1 subvendor=0x1022 subdevice=0x15c1
vendor = 'Advanced Micro Devices, Inc. [AMD]'
class = serial bus
subclass = USB
none9@pci0:200:0:5: class=0x0c0340 rev=0x00 hdr=0x00 vendor=0x1022 device=0x1668 subvendor=0x1022 subdevice=0x1668
vendor = 'Advanced Micro Devices, Inc. [AMD]'
device = 'Pink Sardine USB4/Thunderbolt NHI controller'
class = serial bus
subclass = USB
none10@pci0:200:0:6: class=0x0c0340 rev=0x00 hdr=0x00 vendor=0x1022 device=0x1669 subvendor=0x1022 subdevice=0x1669
vendor = 'Advanced Micro Devices, Inc. [AMD]'
device = 'Pink Sardine USB4/Thunderbolt NHI controller'
class = serial bus
subclass = USB