Hi Evan,
I am going to turn into a pessimistic guy.
The micro:bit gets all information from the smartphone (app inventor) but the smartphone gets nothing from the device.
Whether I try to send strings, values, or bytes, nothing is received by the smartphone
Are you sure that the (app inventor) functions related to the micro:bit extension work fine ?
I am stuck . I have just bought a new microbits in case but I cannot believe that it will make some difference
Please find attached the last "blocks"

Laurent