Sorry Sascha, most of what your student wants to do is not possible with App Inventor. Partially because AI2 apps cannot run in the background (AI2 is single threaded, not multithreaded).
What the Social components can do is here
http://ai2.appinventor.mit.edu/reference/components/social.html ; among these documented capabilities is a description of what can be done with the phone using AI2. AI2 cannot provide code that will block the use of texting. The app cannot start up on its own, AI cannot run in the background. The phone cannot be locked using AI2. AI2 cannot send notifications (although the capability might soon be there...one of our members is developing a notifications Extension; however extensions are in experimental mode and not available on the main MIT server.
You student will want to find out what AI2 is capable of developing...and to have fun with App Inventor so here are some resources to help you learn to use the AI2 tools A very good way to learn App Inventor is to read the free Inventor's Manual here in the AI2 free online eBook
http://www.appinventor.org/book2 ... the links are at the bottom of the Web page. The book 'teaches' users how to program with AI2 blocks. The book also provides many examples of the type of apps that can be developed with AI2. Your student might also visit the MIT Gallery (the link is on the browser Menu) to see some of the apps other AI2 developers have shared with the community.