> Mike Jacobs wrote:
<snip>
> > There was a situation a few years ago, IIRC, where a real, fatal
> > helicopter crash occurred during the filming of a Vietnam-war
> > battle sequence for a TV show or movie. I don't remember the final
> > upshot, but, real people got killed, and that was definitely a
> > matter of concern for the law. Investigations were undertaken, and
> > some sort of legal proceedings occurred.
>
> The helicopter accident on the set of "Twilight Zone: The Movie" is
> irrelevant to this discussion.
I raised the example simply to show that the law _does_ care about
what happens on a TV or movie set. Of course I agree it's
irrelevant to the issue of whether flailing fists on Jerry
Springer's show are an intentional assault or battery, but that is
not the only legal issue that was under discussion in this thread.
And my comment was in response to _your_ statement (snipped) in
the post I was replying to, that the law _doesn't_ care "Because
it's a television show - it's not real."
> The crash - caused by pyrotechnic special
> effects accidentally being detonated too close to the chopper - wasn't
> in the script. No one involved with the production intended for it to
> happen.
Which is why it wasn't an _intentional_ tort. But it was still
prosecuted as a crime (which did not result in a conviction), and
was still the subject of a civil suit for wrongful death caused by
negligence (which, brother nospam reports, did result in a
confidential settlement before trial). My point remains simply
that the law _does_ care about what goes on in front of the camera.
> The "final upshot" was that director John Landis and others were
> acquitted of manslaughter.
Yes. (But he was sued successfully, I learned.)
> > [Reality-show] "actors" are non-professionals ... playing themselves,
> > and even though the situations are often highly artificial and the
> > actors may be encouraged to "ham it up" and thus be far from
> > "real" in that sense, these amateur actors are expected to ad-lib
> > their lines and react with "real" emotions and actions as the plot
> > develops. If anyone gets punched, it's a "real" punch. And thus,
> > the law cares about it, if the person who got punched did not
> > consent to that battery and/or assume the risk (as discussed
> > elsewhere in this thread by many other posters) or if the harmful
> > act goes beyond the pale of the expected/anticipated/consented-to
> > intrusions which the participant had agreed to accept as part of
> > the deal and the "rules of the game."
>
> You're presuming that the "violence" on Springer isn't as scripted as
> "Mad Men" is,
I didn't say that. In fact, I'm mostly agreeing with you.
"Reality" shows are not about "reality;" they are simply loosely-
scripted in comparision to "fictional" shows. I.e., the specific
lines spoken and specific physical steps taken are ad-libbed on a
"reality" show rather than being completely choreographed in
detail, even though (as I agree) the plot outline and story arc
are largely given to the participants in advance. And this loose
scripting is both caused by, and a desired effect of, such show's
use of non-professional actors -- people who are _not_ good at
conscious "role-playing" and who thus wear their emotions on their
sleeves when exposed to certain, pre-programmed stimuli as laid
out by the show's handlers.
> and that the "injuries" shown are actual harm and not
> faked.
Here, I think we _do_ disagree. If someone on Jerry Springer is
merely flailing his arms and acting angry but not making contact
-- and presuming that this is what he was instructed to do by the
show's handlers -- then no harm, no foul. Both participants know
it is merely an act, so it is not really the tort of "assault" (it
does not put the other person in apprehension of an unpermitted,
harmful or offensive body contact).
But we were talking about situations where the hitter really
_does_ make contact with the victim. I'm assuming those are the
only situations that would be likely to result in a criminal
prosecution or a civil lawsuit for battery (and/or for
negligence). And, in such situations, I very much disagree that
there is any likelihood the show's lawyers instructed the angry
participant to _really_ hit the other one. If the guys in suits
did that, then they too would be wide open for criminal
prosecution or a civil claim, and you _know_ that is one party
_they_ definitely want to avoid, even while presenting the viewing
public the illusion of edgy, uncontrolled "real" emotions coming
unhinged onscreen. If a participant really _does_ go unhinged and
hits someone on purpose, that goes beyond the show's
"choreography" to use your word.
> I contend that it is as choreographed as much as pro wrestling
> is.
That's a good example, and is what I had in mind when I mentioned
"sports" in my list of types of "reality shows" where this might
occur.
But even in pro wrestling, although the moves are choreographed,
they are not faked. Those guys really do hit each other in the
gut, head-butt each other, pound their opponents heads into the
ringposts, whack each other with chairs, etc. But, unlike the talk
show guests, the pro wrestlers are pros, and they are physically
trained to endure such abuse and take it in stride. That doesn't
mean the hitter is pulling his punches; it's a circus act, with a
rigged outcome, but even circus performers undertake a real risk
of being injured or killed if something goes wrong.
> The "guests" may be "real people" but on the show they're as much
> actors as Jon Hamm is.
They are actors, yes. But I disagree they are "as much actors as
Jon Hamm is." They are also not as good actors as Man Mountain
Mike and Hulk Hogan are. Because they are _amateurs,_ and are
really not very good at following directions, and because the show
is generally taped live, without getting a "re-do" if they mess
up, the unexpected/unordered harmful or offensive physical contact
can and does sometimes happen.
> Think of any movie or TV drama with a fight scene. Are the actors
> committing assault?
No, but I disagree that the way in which such scenes with
professional actors are choreographed (and shot over and over
again until the director feels he got it "just right") has
anything to do with the sloppy, loosely choreographed actions of
an amateur actor on a "reality" show. With that difference comes
the much-enhanced risk in the amateur scenario of someone going
beyond the "line in the sand" as it were, and thus getting into
some kind of trouble with the law (either committing some crime,
or incurring civil liability for a tort).