Massacre of Jains/samanar at Annigeri

[Seshadri Sridharan]

https://prearyan.blogspot.in/2011/05/massacre-of-jainssamanar-at-annigeri.html?m=1

Massacre of Jains/samanar at Annigeri: Archeological Evidence Found

Annigeri is a town near Hubli in Dharwad District of Karnataka. Recently the archeology department has found 601 human skulls in an excavation. The skulls date back to 10th to 12th century. According to reliable sources, Archeology Department has found very important materials and references mentioned in the Bombay State Dharwad Gazetteer about a massacre that took place near Annigeri.

J M Nagaiah, associate professor of Dr RC Hiremath Institute of Kannada Studies ( KUD), has said that he has discovered the inscriptions, one each at Hottur near Shiggon taluk of old Dharwad district, and at Gawarwad near Annigeri.

According to the Hottur inscription, Chola emperor Rajaraja, during an expedition, had attacked Belaval-300 province with the help of his nine-lakh-strong army and captured Annigeri during 1007-08. The emperor then tried to forcibly convert people into Shaivas (followers of Lord Shiva). He is also said to have ruthlessly chopped people, including children, who refused to be Shaivas. King Sataysharava Irive Bemdag of Chalukyas of Kalyan was ruling Annigeri then.


The Gawarwad inscription says emperor Rajadhiraja I of Cholas, during his expedition, attacked Annigeri, the then capital of Belavan Nadu-300 (comprising 300 surrounding villages). After capturing Annigeri, Rajadhiraja I destroyed Jinnalya, temples built by Jains, and also killed those who opposed the destruction of temples during 1018-1050.
The Hottur inscription is included in `Epigraphy India' (volume No. 16), while the Garwada inscription is included in `Epigraphy India' (volume No. 15). "The two inscriptions are enough to unravel the Annigeri skull mystery," Nagaiah told `The Times of India'.

He said that human skulls discovered at Annigeri must be of those who were killed for opposing Rajaraja's attempts to convert them to be Shiavas, or of those who were killed by Rajadiraja for protecting Jain temples.

"But for these incidents, there are no evidence of massacre (near Annigeri). The skulls must be of those who were killed by the Cholas," he claimed.
"I'm planning to bring the two inscriptions to the notice of State Archeological Department. We will be able to come to a definite conclusion about the skulls after getting the carbon dating test report from Bhuvaneshwar," he said.
(Source: ASD and TOI)

[iraamaki]

கூர்ந்து குறித்துவைக்கவேண்டிய செய்தி. ”வேதமறுப்பு நெறிகளை வேதஞ்சார்ந்த சிவநெறியும்,  விண்ணவநெறியும் வெறுமே வாக்குவாதங்களால் வென்றன” என்பது நம்புவதற்குக் கடினமாகவே இருக்கிறது.

 

அன்புடன்,

இராம.கி.

[Singanenjam Sambandam]

Annigeri skulls belonged to 18th century famine victims'

TNN | Updated: Aug 21, 2012, 03.20 PM IST

 

 

HUBLI: The mystery surrounding Annigeri skulls seems to have ended with the State Archeology Department (SAD) coming to the conclusion that they belong to victims of a severe famine between 1792 and 1796. The famine had affected Bagalkot, Bijapur, Annigeri and other parts of north Karnatak

 

Various theories were doing the rounds ever since the skulls were unearthed. The theories indicated that the skulls were outcome of a massacre and killing for witchcraft.

 

Speaking to TOI, R Gopal, director, State Archeology Department said the C-14 report from Beta Analytic, Florida, a radio carbon dating laboratory, claimed the skulls were just 180 years old. "After getting the report, we did an extensive study and found out some evidence to substantiate the claims of Beta Analytic.

 

"People died of starvation in severe famine while the bodies of many people were eaten by vultures and animals. In search of food, many people of these parts migrated to other parts during this period," he said.

 

When people returned to their villages after a few years, they buried the skeletons of those who died due to the famine in Annigeri. "So after finding this fact, we came to the conclusion that Annigeri skulls which were found in August 2010 belong to the persons who died due to the famine between 1792 to 1796," he said. Gopal said a final report will be submitted to the secretary, Kannada and Culture, in 15 days.

(ஃ பேஸ் புக் , மனோன்மணி புதெழுத்து பதிவிலிருந்து )

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[N. Ganesan]

Thanks for the important scientific findings.

N. Ganesan

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[நா.ரா.கி.காளைராசன்]

வணக்கம்.

கூர்ந்து குறித்து வைக்கவேண்டிய செய்தி. ”வேதமறுப்பு நெறிகளை வேதஞ்சார்ந்த சிவநெறியும்,  விண்ணவநெறியும் வெறுமே வாக்குவாதங்களால் வென்றன” என்பது நம்புவதற்கு இப்போது எளிதாய் இருக்கிறது.

அன்பன்
இராம.கி. கா.

[Oru Arizonan]

On Tue, Apr 18, 2017 at 3:10 AM, Singanenjam Sambandam <singa...@gmail.com> wrote:

//Annigeri skulls belonged to 18th century famine victims'

TNN | Updated: Aug 21, 2012, 03.20 PM IST

 

 

HUBLI: The mystery surrounding Annigeri skulls seems to have ended with the State Archeology Department (SAD) coming to the conclusion that they belong to victims of a severe famine between 1792 and 1796. The famine had affected Bagalkot, Bijapur, Annigeri and other parts of north Karnatak//

 கற்பனைச் செய்திகளின் முகத்திரையைக் கிழித்தமைக்கு மிக்கநன்றி, சிங்கனெஞ்சனாரே!

அதற்குள் கற்பனைச் செய்தியை ஆதரித்து எப்படிப்பட்ட கருத்துக்கள் பதியப்பட்டு என்பதை நோக்குங்கால் வியப்பாகவே உள்ளது.

• இராஜராஜ சோழன், இராஜேந்திரன், அவ்னது மகன்களான இராஜாதிராஜன், இராஜேந்திரதேவன் முதலானோர் பலதடவை கருநாட்டின்மீது [மேலைச்சாளுக்கியநாடு உள்பட] முப்பது தடவைக்கும் மேலாகபி படையெடுத்துச் சென்றிருக்கிறார்கள்.  இது வரலாறு.
• https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chalukya%E2%80%93Chola_wars 
  

• The Chola–Chalukya wars were a series of wars fought from 992 C.E. to 1120 C.E. between the Chola and the Chalukya kingdoms in what is now India.

  Chola conquests in the Chalukyan kingdom[edit]

  All the Chola–Chalukya battles took place in Southern (early battles) and Central (later battles) Chalukyan country and a few in Vengi which the Cholas dominated until the rise of Ganapati of Kakatiya dynasty.

  Year of the battle (C.E.)	Battle	Present location and district	Chalukyan commander	Chola commander	Results
  992	Rattepadi 7 1/2	Chitradurga district	Sathyashraya	Rajaraja Chola	Chola annexes the region
  1008	Rattepadi 7 1/2	Chitradurga, Bellary dt's	Sathyashraya	Prince Rajendra Chola "Vidyadharar" (Hottur stone inscription)
  1008	Banavasi 12,000	near Hampi-Bellary district	Sathyashraya	Rajendra Chola
  1008	Raichur 2,000	Raichur dt	Sathyashraya	Rajendra Chola
  1008	Gulbarga 7,000	Gulbarga dt	Sathyashraya	Rajendra Chola
  1008	Manyakheth(Malgate)	-near Mahagaon-Bidar district	Sathyashraya	Rajendra Chola	"Rajendra with his nine lakh soldiers demolished Manyaketh "(Hoattur inscriptions). Chola win all these battles and rule these areas over the next seven years.
  1008	Toanur on River Krishna	near Bijapur-Bijapur	Sathyashraya	Rajendra Chola	Chalukyan king killed in this remote battlefield; the Chalukyas move their capital, further away from the overwhelming Chola borders, to Kalyani (in Bidar dt) 48 km NE of the destroyed Manyaketh
  1015					Chalukya reclaim Raichur after the Chola army leave for Rajaraja Chola's funeral at Thanjavur. River Tungabhadra become almost a permanent border between the two kingdoms.
  1019	Balagaon	Bijapur dt	King Vikramaditya V and Prince Jayasimha	Chola Governor of Malprabha Region	Chalukya win
  1019	Belgaum	Belgaum dt	Vikramaditya V	Chola Governor of Malprabha Region	Chalukya kill the Chola governor
  1020	Musangi	Raichur dt	Vikramaditya V	King Rajendra Chola	Chola on a rampage over all of South Chalukya. Raichur annexed to Chola empire.
  1042	Gulbarga	Gulbarga dt	Someswara I, Princes Vikramaditya and Vijayaditya	Prince Rajathiraja Chola	Chalukya defeated and Gulbarga annexed.
  1045					Someswara I reclaims Gulbarga and Raichur when the Chola prince is away to visit his ailing father.
  1046	Gambili	Gambili, near Hospet -Bellary dt	Someswara I	Rajathiraja Chola	Chola again conquer Raichur.
  1048	Poondoor on Rver Krishna	Gulbarga dt	Someswara I	Rajathiraja Chola	Chola again conquer Gulbarga.
  1048	Mannathi on River Krishna	Gulburga dt	Someswara I	Rajathiraja Chola
  1048	Kalyani	Bidar dt	Someswara I	Rajathiraja Chola	Chola conquer Kalyani. Chalukyas driven back to their Kunthala hinterland behind the eastern corner of Balaghat Range
  1050	Chalukyan Someswara I reclaims the lost up to Kalyani.
  1054	KoppaThirtham on River Malprabha	30 km south-east of Kolhapur - Bijapur dt	Someswara I	Rajathiraja Chola	Someswara I advances in a bid to reclaim Gulbarga and Bijapur. Rajathiraja, 54 years old, dies on his elephant ; brother Rajendra II is crowned in the battlefield and leads Cholas to victory ; Chalukyan crown prince Jayasimha killed on the battlefield
  1054	Kolapur	Kolhapur -South Maharashtra	Someswara I	King Rajendra Chola II	The 51-year-old new Chola king conquers Kalyani and Kolhapur, which remain under Chola domination for the next three years.
  1059	Mudakoor on River Krishna	Mudakoor- Gulbarga dt			Someswara I invading Gulbarga, and is driven back
  1063	Gulbarga	Gulbarga dt	Prince Vikramaditya	King VeeraRajendra Chola	Chola king visits Gulburga after putting down revolts in Gangapadi - in Raichur and Bellary dt's. Chalukya prince invade Gulburga, but is routed.
  1064	Kollur on River Krishna	West Kurnool dt			Prince Vikramaditya invades on Vengi blocked and driven back by Narendra II and VeeraRajendra Chola. The Chalukya had invaded using the confusion over king RajaNarendra I's sudden demise.
  1064	Koodal Sangama on River Krishna meeting the PanchGanga tributaries	near Kidnapur - Bijapur dt	King Someswara I	VeeraRajendra Chola	Chalukyan army destroyed completely.
  1066 -	on River Krishna, near Gulbarga	Gulbarga dt	Someswara I	VeeraRajendra Chola	Chalukyan attempt to conquer Gulbarga thwarted.
  1067	Karandhai, north of Kalyani	Karanji River valley -Bidar dt	Chalukyan generals and Kadamba prince	VeeraRajendra Chola	King Someswara I does not turn up for the battle. Enraged Cholas devastate the towns of Kalyani and Karanji. Later it is learnt that Someswara had drowned himself in the River Manjira 15 km northeast of Kalyani.
  1067					Meanwhile, Prince Vikramaditya invades and conquers Vengi and also Chakrakottam (in Bastar district, Madhya Pradesh)
  1068	Vijayawada	Krishna dt	the first and the only Later East Chalukya king Vikramaditya VI	VeeraRajendra,58 yrs
  1068	Chakrakottam	Bastar dt (Madhya Pradesh)	Vikramaditya VI	VeraRajendra	Chalukya is defeated and driven back to his Kalyani. VeeraRajendra Chola crowns Vijayaditya VII as the new Vengi king.
  1068					After Someswara I's death Vikramaditya's elder brother Someswara II takes to the Chalukyan throne. Vikramaditya and the princes of Kadamba, Nulamba and Gangapadi make truce with VeeraRajendra, and ask for his help to dethrone Someswara II, the tyrant. Chola agrees to help.
  1070	Kuththi	Anantapur dt	Someswara II	VeeraRajendra Chola and Vikramaditya
  1070	Gambili	near Hospet-Bellary dt	Someswara II	VeeraRajendra Chola
  1070	Raichur	Raichur dt	Someswara II	VeeraRajendra Chola	VeeraRajendra wins all battles and crowns Vikramaditya as Chalukyan king
  1075	Nangili	Kolar dt	Vikramaditya VI	Kulotunga I
  1075	Mańali	Tumkur dt	Vikramaditya VI	Kulotunga I
  1075	Halatthi	ChitraDurga	Vikramaditya VI	Kulotunga I
  1076	Navila	Bellary dt.	Vikramaditya VI	Kulotunga I
  1076	--on Tungabhadra River	Raichur dt.	Vikramaditya VI	Kulotunga I	Kulotunga wins all battles, and reclaim up to Raichur. Vikramaditya move north into the North Chalukyan territory of Someswara II, drives him away, and crowns himself king again.
  1088	Chalukya reclaim Raichur and Bellary back.
  1098	Chola conquer Bellary (Gambili) back
  1118					Vikramaditya captures Vengi and Gangapadi after Kulothunga had granted autonomous power to Telugu Chola prince Kanikoen makana Bhima Chola, over these areas
  1120	Vijayawada	Krishna district	Vikramaditya VI	Vikrama Chola	Vikrama Chola reclaims the Vengi kingdom. In the mid 12th century and mid 13th century, the Chalukyas and the Cholas, respectively diminish in power, while the Hoysalas, Kakatiyas and the Later Pandyas encroached upon them

  
  
• இந்தப் போர்களில் பல்லாயிரக்கணக்கானோர் மாண்டிருப்பார்கள்.
• இவர்களின் சடலங்கள் எரியூட்டிக்கொளுத்தப்பட்டிருக்க மாட்டாது.  மண்ணொடுமண்ணாகத்தான் மக்கிப்போயிருக்கும்.
• இந்தப்பல்லாயிரக்கணக்கோரைக் கணக்கில் எடுத்துக்கொள்ளாது, எண்ணுறு மண்டையோடுகளை மட்டுமே கணக்கெடுத்து, அவை, இராஜராஜானாலும், இராஜாதிராஜனாலும் கொல்லப்பட்ட சமணர்களென்று எழுதுவதும், அதை ஆதரித்துப் பதிவதும் எங்கனம்?
• ஒருவேளை இந்துசமயக்காழ்ப்போ என்றெண்ணிக் குழம்பிக்கொண்டிருந்தபோது, இருள்நீங்கும் ஒளியாகத் தங்கள் பதிவைக்கண்டு குழப்பம்நீங்கினேன், சிங்கநெஞ்சனாரே!

அன்புடன்,

ஒரு அரிசோனன் 

https://tamizhtharakai.wordpress.com/ -- தாரகை 

[Singanenjam Sambandam]

அன்பின் ஒரு அரிசோனன் அவர்களுக்கு வணக்கம்.

கற்பனைச் செய்திகளின் முகத்திரையைக் கிழித்தமைக்கு மிக்கநன்றி,

 சிங்கனெஞ்சனாரே!ஒருவேளை இந்துசமயக்காழ்ப்போ என்றெண்ணிக் குழம்பிக்கொண்டிருந்தபோது, இருள்நீங்கும் ஒளியாகத் தங்கள் பதிவைக்கண்டு குழப்பம்நீங்கினேன், சிங்கநெஞ்சனாரே!

ஃபேஸ் புக்கில் கண்ட தொல்லியல் செய்தியை பகிர்ந்து கொண்டேன். அவ்வளவுதான். மீண்டும் சொல்கிறேன் ‘நான் மதம் பிடிக்காதவன்”. மதத்தின் பெயரால் நிகழ்ந்த அழிவுகள் போதும். இன்றைய நிலையில் மதம் என்ற ஒன்று தேவையில்லை என்பது என் பணிவான கருத்து.

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