On Dec 3, 3:14 pm, frantheman <
francis.h...@googlemail.com> wrote:
> One of the major problems in discussions between "believers" and
> "atheists" over the existence of God is that both sides have not
> agreed on common basic rules, definitions and terminologies. As a
> result, arguments often tend to bypass each other and the result is
> frequently confusion and frustration on both sides over the obduracy
> of the other.
Very true. Which is why people often lay down the groundwork (with
definitions) or refer to someone whose work is well-defined, through
history (like Plato or Aristotle or Aquinas).
>
> On a fundamental level it can even be asked whether both sides can, in
> fact, have any meaningful dialogue at all.
If two people (much less two groups of people) have no shared
understanding of what words mean, all bets are off.
>Wittgenstein's view of
> "language games" in 'The Philosophical Investigations' is useful here.
> He proposes that both sides are bound to misunderstand each other
> because they are using a supposed common language while following
> different rules for the use of that language.
He's partly right. They could also have been taught different
understandings of words.
Or, as I suppose (the longer I'm alive and on usenet), people are
bound and determined to think that other people mean the opposite (or
near-opposite) of what *they* mean, by a word. The more controversial
or problematic the word (like "God"), the more people get into this
view that the Other Person doesn't know what they mean.
Or, that the Other Person means the same thing as they do, and that
the Other Person is wrong.
It's like a soccer team
> playing against a rugby team with each team playing according to its
> own rules. One is reminded of Humpty Dumpty in Lewis Carroll's
> (himself a notable logician) 'Through the Looking Glass' saying: "When
> I use a word it means exactly what I want it to mean, no more and no
> less."
Yes, very much so.
>
> Be that as it may, any meaningful dialogue can only take place in a
> context in which both sides have agreed on common rules which clarify
> the issues to be discussed. Or, as one of the basic postulates for
> logical discourse puts it: First, define your terms.
You've already ventured into your own territory (for me) by specifying
"rules." How about a shifting nebulous raft-like structure in which
we agree to voyage?
There are no "rules" that can semantically or syntactically govern
such concepts as "Spirit" or "God." Hence, they are undescribable by
science or, even, ordinary language.
>
> Proponents of the religious view (in this case I am referring to
> members of the three major monotheistic religions rather than Hindus
> or Buddhists who approach the concept of "God" in a different manner)
> claim that they believe in God and define an atheist as someone who
> does not believe in God. And here is where the first major question
> arises. What is meant, in this context, by "believe"? What is "faith"
> and is it subject to discussion according to the laws of rational
> discourse?
You left out (interestingly) "God" itself.
The issue of what is meant by "belief" has a long history. No one
could possibly recapitulate it here.
>
> Now faith is a term which originates within the religious context. One
> believes in things which cannot be proven.
Then, by your definition, anything unproven which is believed is based
on faith.
"I believe he loves me."
That kind of thing. It's religious, right?
>If I can prove something,
> then I do not need to believe it.
I plain don't get you. Some beliefs are more requiring of "proof"
than others (what do you mean by proof? You jumped ahead quite a bit,
I thought we were on "belief" and what is "faith" (and why is faith,
rather than something else, among your early topics?)
Or, as religious people often put
> it, there is a difference between believing and knowing.
Actually, I'd say that almost NO monotheistic religious people put it
that way (and would definitely prefer not to). If they bring this up,
it's only because they've been exposed to philosophy. You're now
arguing something for the religious that I believe needs proof.
>In
> traditional Christian scholastic theology (Aquinas et al.) one of the
> major differences between angels and humans is that angels know God
> directly, and therefore do not need to believe in him.
I'm certainly NOT going to agree that Aquinas (rather than any number
of others, including Hesiod, Aristotle, Plato, Pythagoras, and even
Homer) knew what "belief" meant as opposed to knowledge. I find his
argument (about what constitutes knowledge) spurious, circular and
already based in faith. In short, quote someone else.
>
> An atheist, on the other hand, can argue that the question of faith is
> not applicable in a dialogue between him or herself and believers. The
> basic atheistic position, as far as I understand it, is that an
> atheist sees no compelling evidence, either rational or evidentiary
> for the existence of God, and that the rational arguments and evidence
> lead more to the conclusion that God does not exist. Faith doesn't
> come into it.
Obviously, someone who moves from agnosticism to definite atheism has
come to some conclusion like this. And, since faith isn't necessary
to either belief OR knowledge, a person is not required to introduce
faith, if they find it impossible or contraindicated by history. In
this case, the knowledgeable atheiest (and I am not one) could
reasonably argue that faith is not only beside the point, but that
faith has misdirected people and urged them into inchoate, atavistic
activity.
>
> In this position, the atheist is, at least in the Christian context
> (and that's the one I know best), supported by the basic premises of
> Christian theology. Christianity bases itself on the word of God,
That's how you define it. Not only do I define it differently (for
myself) but I know dozens of others who do, as well. Indeed, with the
exception of my parents and a few others whose ideas I'm forced, more
or less, to listen to, no thinking Christian bases their views on the
Bible, if that's what you mean.
If by "word of God" you mean "still small spirit that speaks siliently
to individuals," then perhaps we can have a dialogue.
But the term "word of God," popularly received in 2007 means: The
Bible (and possibly, the preached word of men who stand in pulpits).
I think that's weak. Not only that, I think it's B.S., and counter to
the actual knowledge we have about Jesus of Nazareth's beliefs, as
well.
> culminating in his incarnation in Jesus Christ as "revealed" in the
> Bible and accepted by the Christian in an act of faith.
Nope. Only some Christians agree on this. You're talking SOME
Catholics, SOME Orthodox and most fundies. But not all Christians -
not by a long shot.
For example, I think Thomas (of the Gospels) relied on something
rather different. I'm sure you wouldn't want to be saying that Thomas
wasn't a Christian. Or would you?
Furthermore, a
> point stressed particularly by the Churches of the Reformation, this
> faith itself is a gift of God. Consequently, no amount of preaching to
> an atheist is going to change anything if God does not grant him this
> gift of faith. (Of course, if God doesn't grant this gift of faith
> then he's condemning the atheist to hell, but here we're getting into
> the murky waters of predestination and that's a matter better left to
> theology.)
All of this is, now, just your way of leaping into theology. No
thanks. And medieval theology, at that.
>
> Where does this leave me in my project of the definition of terms for
> a dialogue?
A long, long, long, long, long (etc.) way from any meaningful starting
point.
Basically, the issue of "faith" should be left aside, as
> much as possible.
According to whom? What role, then, is there for "religion" at all?
Or for spirit? Or, even, belief?
In arguing from the premises of faith, the religious
> proponent is using language rules which are not applicable to the non-
> believer. The discussion should be carried out on the basis of
> rational argument and evidence, rather than revelation and faith.
Good luck with that. I think you miss the whole point, but I
understand the pressure you're under.
>
> Before the dialogue can begin, however, more definition of terms is
> necessary. What is meant by "God" anyway? Are faith and reason
> complementary or incompatible? Maybe I'll get around to these points
> some other time. Or maybe someone else would like to take them up?
You're stuck, all right. I have to say that I haven't had the time,
myself, to devote to the heavy questions coming down in this board.
That's a good thing - the dialogue has been rich.
Frantheman, I think you can go further with this, you started out
well. I'm one of those who is willing to "dialogue" from either side,
although I definitely believe there is something ineffable, and
numinous, and beyond us.
But, I haven't had much time to post about any of that, lately.
Gettin' too old for this. Gotta go snip tile and feed the livestock.
bAr