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Jordan Tucker
I pulled this chapter together from dozens of sources that were at times somewhat contradictory. Facts on the ground change over time and depend who is telling the story and what audience they're addressing. I tried to create as coherent a narrative as I could. If there are any errors I'd be more than happy to fix them. Keep in mind this article is not a technical deep dive. It's a big picture type article. For example, I don't mention the word microservice even once :-)
Given our discussion in the What is Cloud Computing? chapter, you might expect Netflix to serve video using AWS. Press play in a Netflix application and video stored in S3 would be streamed from S3, over the internet, directly to your device.
Another relevant factoid is Netflix is subscription based. Members pay Netflix monthly and can cancel at any time. When you press play to chill on Netflix, it had better work. Unhappy members unsubscribe.
The client is the user interface on any device used to browse and play Netflix videos. It could be an app on your iPhone, a website on your desktop computer, or even an app on your Smart TV. Netflix controls each and every client for each and every device.
Everything that happens before you hit play happens in the backend, which runs in AWS. That includes things like preparing all new incoming video and handling requests from all apps, websites, TVs, and other devices.
In 2007 Netflix introduced their streaming video-on-demand service that allowed subscribers to stream television series and films via the Netflix website on personal computers, or the Netflix software on a variety of supported platforms, including smartphones and tablets, digital media players, video game consoles, and smart TVs.
Netflix succeeded. Netflix certainly executed well, but they were late to the game, and that helped them. By 2007 the internet was fast enough and cheap enough to support streaming video services. That was never the case before. The addition of fast, low-cost mobile bandwidth and the introduction of powerful mobile devices like smart phones and tablets, has made it easier and cheaper for anyone to stream video at any time from anywhere. Timing is everything.
Building out a datacenter is a lot of work. Ordering equipment takes a long time. Installing and getting all the equipment working takes a long time. And as soon they got everything working they would run out of capacity, and the whole process had to start over again.
The long lead times for equipment forced Netflix to adopt what is known as a vertical scaling strategy. Netflix made big programs that ran on big computers. This approach is called building a monolith. One program did everything.
What Netflix was good at was delivering video to their members. Netflix would rather concentrate on getting better at delivering video rather than getting better at building datacenters. Building datacenters was not a competitive advantage for Netflix, delivering video is.
It took more than eight years for Netflix to complete the process of moving from their own datacenters to AWS. During that period Netflix grew its number of streaming customers eightfold. Netflix now runs on several hundred thousand EC2 instances.
The advantage of having three regions is that any one region can fail, and the other regions will step in handle all the members in the failed region. When a region fails, Netflix calls this evacuating a region.
The header image is meant to intrigue you, to draw you into selecting a video. The idea is the more compelling the header image, the more likely you are to watch a video. And the more videos you watch, the less likely you are to unsubscribe from Netflix.
The first thing Netflix does is spend a lot of time validating the video. It looks for digital artifacts, color changes, or missing frames that may have been caused by previous transcoding attempts or data transmission problems.
A pipeline is simply a series of steps data is put through to make it ready for use, much like an assembly line in a factory. More than 70 different pieces of software have a hand in creating every video.
The idea behind a CDN is simple: put video as close as possible to users by spreading computers throughout the world. When a user wants to watch a video, find the nearest computer with the video on it and stream to the device from there.
In 2007, when Netflix debuted its new streaming service, it had 36 million members in 50 countries, watching more than a billion hours of video each month, streaming multiple terabits of content per second.
At the same time, Netflix was also devoting a lot of effort into all the AWS services we talked about earlier. Netflix calls the services in AWS its control plane. Control plane is a telecommunications term identifying the part of the system that controls everything else. In your body, your brain is the control plane; it controls everything else.
In 2011, Netflix realized at its scale it needed a dedicated CDN solution to maximize network efficiency. Video distribution is a core competency for Netflix and could be a huge competitive advantage.
The number of OCAs on a site depends on how reliable Netflix wants the site to be, the amount of Netflix traffic (bandwidth) that is delivered from that site, and the percentage of traffic a site allows to be streamed.
Within a location, a popular video like House of Cards is copied to many different OCAs. The more popular a video, the more servers it will be copied to. Why? If there was only one copy of a very popular video, streaming the video to members would overwhelm the server. As they say, many hands make light work.
Right now, up to 100% of Netflix content is being served from within ISP networks. This reduces costs by relieving internet congestion for ISPs. At the same time, Netflix members experience a high-quality viewing experience. And network performance improves for everyone.
What may not be immediately obvious is that the OCAs are independent of each other. OCAs act as self-sufficient video-serving archipelagos. Members streaming from one OCA are not affected when other OCAs fail.
Hi guys. The Microsoft Edge is my favorite browser of all times, really, but not when I try to watch netflix or other video streaming services, it always breaks, I have no ideia what to do anymore. Always when I try to play something there's an error and then I need to reload over and over again, sometimes even when I just play the video it stop working when I try to play again. Help me to keep using this best browser that I've ever seen.
I've ever tried to disable hardware acceleration, enable DRM content, install Microsoft Silverlight and a lot of other things, but I didn't get to watch so far without an error I keep receiving these error codes: D7356-7701 and others related. Is there's still something that can be done to really fix theses erros or I just have to be patient and wait for news versions of the browser?
I can't get past "activating" Paramount+ for the Netflix/Paramount promo. I've successfully created an account and logged into Paramount+, but under manage play+ in verizon, it still won't show Paramount as activated, and Netflix still says "pending Paramount+ activation."
Ok so using a different browser I was able to subscribe. Now like everyone else I was able to link Paramount+ but not Netflix. I get the same toggle that says activation pending, click that and then I get "We are processing your subscription. Please refresh or check back again to activate."
After a LOOOONG time on live chat I was told: The team is working on fixing it and you will be able to activate the subscription through the toggle switch after 72 hours. We are also reporting the issue to the concerned Verizon team through an AYS ticket.
However, I want to use my current Netflix account, which the Verizon site says I should be able to do. I've been billed for another month of service - something I was hoping to avoid by signing up for this service.
Having the same issue. I paid for the year of Paramount+, but get the 'Activation pending' message in the dashboard for Netflix. It's been like that all afternoon. Talked to chat support and the only thing they did was read the 'Activation pending' message to me. That doesn't address the issue that I can't activate the year on my Netflix account
For the Customer Support agents who are replying to these messages, a question: in order for the tech support people to fix this problem and allow individuals to finally "activate" their Paramount+ account on the +play page, do users have to send individual messages and have tickets opened/closed, or is tech support working to solve this problem for everyone, regardless of whether they have an open ticket?
I chatted with Support almost two weeks ago with this problem, and I don't know if a ticket was opened for my account. From almost all accounts on this message thread, chatting directly with Support seems to be a waste of time...trying to avoid wasting more time chatting if an overall fix is being worked for everyone by Tech Support. Thanks!
OK... MArch 15th I sign up for this special deal (get Netflix & Paramount + for $99.00 for a year). Paramount eventually activates, by Netflix does not. On March 18 I submit my first ticket about this and told it could take up to 5 days for IT to resolve. On March 23 I submit a second ticket about the first ticket because I was told it was in "la-la" land. On 3/26 I make another attempt with support to get this resolved, with support telling me that the tickets are all closed so they must of fixed it (they did not for me). I was then told I should be working within 24-48 hours. Now it's march 28, 2 days later, and Neflix is still stuck in pending. and I am unable to throw the switch from off to on (see picture below) to be able to activate it. I have tried from multiple computers, from different browsers to no success.
Update: mine is now working, here's what I did. Ordered the subscription package about two weeks ago. Had the identical problem as everyone here, unable to use the toggle switch to activate the Paramount subscription. Chatted online with Verizon Support twice with no resolution and no real help at all. On Mar 27, posted my message above on this threat and sent an identical private message to Customer Support. I had 3-4 different replies to my private message where the agent obviously didn't read my whole original message. Yesterday, I replied back to the latest of these Customer Support messages indicating that I did want a ticket opened for the problem on my account. Got up this morning, and it seems to be resolved (mostly). Someone (Tech Support?) activated my Paramount+ subscription without me having to use the inop toggle switch. Now that the Paramount was activated, it allowed me to "manage" the Netflix subscription and link it to my already-existing account. The Netflix subscription still shows that it needs "activated" on the +play account management page, but everything else within Verizon and Netflix billing shows it is active and linked and being paid by Verizon. I'm calling that a win.
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