Influenced by his travels as a young man across Latin America where he witnessed poverty and injustices, Guevara developed a political ideology rooted in communism, anti-capitalism and anti-imperialism. He believed armed revolution was the answer to overthrowing repressive regimes, and, following his execution in 1967, became a 20th-century icon seen by some as a revolutionary rebel and by others as a ruthless tyrant.
Guevara headed for the African Congo in 1965, to support and train Laurent Désiré Kabila-led Congo rebels. The liberation attempt failed miserably, and Guevara soon returned in secret to Cuba, before being advised by Castro to travel to Bolivia, where he joined guerrilla rebels in an effort to overthrow René Barrientos. A lack of local support, the arrival of the CIA and a manhunt led by American-trained Bolivian Rangers, would bring a swift end to the mission.
This elegantly written biography depicts the combined effect of social structure, character, and national crisis on a woman's life. Mary Greenhow Lee (1819-1907) was raised in a privileged Virginia household. As a young woman, she flirted with President Van Buren's son, drank tea with Dolley Madison, and frolicked in bedsheets through the streets of Washington with her sister-in-law, future Confederate spy Rose O'Neal Greenhow. Later in life, Lee debated with senators, fed foreign emissaries and correspondents, scolded generals, and nursed soldiers. As a Confederate sympathizer in the hotly contested small border town of Winchester, Virginia, she ran an underground postal service, hid contraband under her nieces' dresses, abetted the Rebel cause, and was finally banished.
Lee's personal history is an intriguing story. It is also an account of the complex social relations that characterized nineteenth-century life. She was an elite southern woman who knew the rules but who also flouted and other times flaunted the prevailing gender arrangements. Her views on status suggest that the immeasurable markers of prestige were much more important than wealth in her social stratum. She had strong ideas about who was (or was not) her "equal," yet she married a man of quite modest means. Lee's biography also enlarges our view of Confederate patriotism, revealing a war within a war and divisions arising as much from politics and geography as from issues of slavery and class.
Mary Greenhow Lee was a woman of her time and place -- one whose youthful rebellion against her society's standards yielded to her desire to preserve that society's way of life. Genteel Rebel illustrates the value of biography as history as it narrates the eventful life of a surprisingly powerful southern lady.
In recent years there has been renewed interest in Marcantonio, his career, and his impact on his times. Historian Gerald Meyer has written an important political biography, Vito Marcantonio: Radical Politician 19021954 (Albany: State University of New York Press, 1989). The biography by Alan L. Shaffer cited above is Vito Marcantonio, Radical in Congress (Syracuse University Press, 1966). Recently back in print is I Vote My Conscience: Debates, Speeches, and Writings of Vito Marcantonio, edited by Annette T. Rubinstein and first published in 1956. It was reissued in 2002 by the Calandra Institute at Queens College of the City University of New York, and is available from it at 25 West 43rd Street, 18th Floor, New York, NY 10036. The institute can be contacted by phone, (212) 642-2094, or by email, calandra [at] qc.edu. The new edition contains a bibliography of works about Marcantonio and a biography of Annette T. Rubinstein by Gerald Meyer. Annette Rubinstein is a radical activist, literary critic, educator, and was a political aide and campaign manager for Vito Marcantonio for much of his career. Both books have been indispensable sources for this article; this writer owes a considerable debt to Meyer and to Rubinstein.
A SPECTATOR AND SCOTSMAN BOOK OF THE YEAR
'So well researched, pacily written and sympathetic to the Auld Cause that it almost makes one a Jacobite' Andrew Roberts, Spectator
'Enthralling . . . Throws us straight into the fresh air, heather, rain and midges of the Hebrides, followed by the swamps and creeks of North America . . . Full of unforgettable glimpses' The Times
The year is 1746. The Jacobite rebellion has failed catastrophically and Scotland is reeling in the devastating aftermath of the battle of Culloden. Far to the west, on an island in the Outer Hebrides, twenty-four-year-old Flora Macdonald is woken in the dead of night by a messenger with urgent intelligence.
Bonnie Prince Charlie is outside, begging for her help.
With Flora's assistance, the Stuart prince is disguised as an Irish maid and smuggled to the Isle of Skye, evading government troops. Flora's bravery and determination will see her immortalised in ballads and proclaimed a Scottish heroine. But her efforts also result in her capture and detention in London. Released the following year and returning to Skye, Flora goes on to marry and emigrate to North Carolina, only then to be caught up in the American Revolutionary War.
In Pretty Young Rebel, award-winning biographer Flora Fraser tells the remarkable story of Flora Macdonald. It is a tale of adventure and daring, wit and charm, struggle and survival, and of a woman who showed extraordinary courage in the face of great danger.
Sabine Wren was a Force-sensitive human female Mandalorian warrior and revolutionary leader during the Galactic Civil War against the Galactic Empire, and later a Jedi during the early years of the New Republic. Her artistry during the rebellion inspired the symbol of the Alliance to Restore the Republic, and her claim over the ancient Mandalorian weapon known as the Darksaber made her a primary symbol to Clan Wren and the hopes of freeing her people's homeworld of Mandalore from the rule of the Empire.
Prior to becoming a rebel, Wren was a cadet at the Imperial Academy of Mandalore. She built weapons she believed would be used for peace but were instead used against her family and her people. Wracked with guilt, Wren left Mandalore and was branded a traitor by the Empire and her mother, Ursa Wren, leader of the clan. Wren worked as a bounty hunter alongside her friend Ketsu Onyo before being recruited by Captain Hera Syndulla and the Jedi Kanan Jarrus to join their rebel crew aboard the starship Ghost. Together, the crew fought against the Empire and used Wren's art as a symbol of hope. They became part of a larger rebel movement, with Wren's work continuing to inspire the fledgling rebellion.
In 2 BBY, while hunting down the former Sith Lord and deposed ruler of Mandalore Maul, Wren discovered the Darksaber on Dathomir. She initially wanted nothing to do with it, but Jarrus and Fenn Rau, a Mandalorian Protector of Concord Dawn who joined the rebellion, convinced her to wield it so she could unite the Mandalorian people and bring them into the rebellion. Wren returned to her family and convinced them of the Empire's treachery, helping to kill Gar Saxon, the Imperial Viceroy of Mandalore, in the process. After aiding her family in the Mandalorian Civil War, Sabine returned to aid the Rebel Alliance's struggle against the Empire. Wren and the Ghost Crew eventually returned to Lothal. During this time, Jarrus was killed, but she and the other members of the Lothal resistance group went onto fight to liberate the planet. While they succeeded, it was only after her friend Ezra Bridger disappeared into hyperspace with the Star Destroyer Chimaera.
At some point, while on the run from an Imperial attempt to capture her after she had left the Academy, a man named Janard saved her life by knocking over a stack of freight containers to block the Imperials' path while she escaped.[22] Eventually, the brutal Imperial crackdown on her homeworld and the consequent loss of her family pushed Wren into open rebellion.[19]
By the age of 16,[4] Wren was recruited to a rebel cell by the former Jedi Padawan Kanan Jarrus,[20] whose members consisted of Jarrus himself, the Twi'lek captain Hera Syndulla, the astromech droid C1-10P "Chopper," and the Lasat warrior Garazeb Orrelios. The Spectres operated from the modified VCX-100 light freighter Ghost.[4] Giving Wren a second chance in life,[25] the Spectres regularly raided the Imperials for supplies which they distributed to the needy and sabotage missions.[27] Wren considered the Spectres to be like a family.[16]
Accompanied by Bridger (who expressed a new-found fondness towards Wren, but she did not return his affection), the Ghost crew fended off a few TIE fighters and went to Tarkintown, where they distributed the stolen food crates; they also sold the stolen blasters to the Cikatro Vizago to obtain information about the location of an Imperial Gozanti-class cruiser ferrying several enslaved Wookiee prisoners. Subsequently, they commenced the mission and infiltrated the Gozanti, unaware that Imperial Security Bureau Agent Kallus had set a trap for them. He and several stormtroopers were hiding in the transport compartment, ready to apprehend the rebel boarders. After learning of this deception, Wren and Chopper disabled the ship's artificial gravity systems for two minutes, which temporarily slowed down Kallus and his stormtroopers and allowed for their escape, except Bridger, who was captured by Kallus and taken aboard his Imperial I-class Star Destroyer,[16] Lawbringer.[29] As the Ghost fled into hyperspace, Sabine detonated the[16] thermal paint[31] she had left behind, destroying the Gozanti cruiser.[16]
Upon realizing that Orrelios had left Bridger behind, the Ghost crew decided to rescue the boy, though by the time they arrived in the Star Destroyer's hangar bay, Bridger had escaped his cell and learnt that the Imperials were transporting the Wookiee slaves to the spice mines of Kessel. Using the information, the Ghost traveled to Spice mine K76 and Wren assisted Jarrus and Orrelios in attacking the Wookiees' stormtrooper guards while Bridger freed the prisoners, a skirmish during which Jarrus revealed himself as a Great Jedi Purge survivor. Ultimately, they managed to liberate the Wookiees and escape in a shipping container that was ferried by the Ghost; later, they parted when the Wookiees boarded an Auzituck anti-slaver gunship. Yet, the rebels were joined by Bridger, who would train under Jarrus as a Jedi.[16]
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