Theword Desi is widely used by South Asians, as well those of the South Asian diaspora, to describe themselves; those of South Asian origin, especially Indians, Pakistanis and Bangladeshis, use the term "as a means of asserting or reclaiming a sense of pride" in being South Asian, "particularly in the face of racism, discrimination, and stigmatization" of minorities in various parts of the world.[10] With regard to usage of the word Desi, Helen Kim writes:[10]
Desiness imagines a more conhesive, pan-South Asian American community that goes beyond nation, class, and religion. Instead, a 'desi' South Asian American community comes together over its shared experiences of being positioned as non-White 'others', often cutting across differences in caste, class, religion, and gender. In the UK, the term 'desi' is commonly used to describe British [South] Asian forms of cultural production such as music, literature, and television programming. For example, shows such as Desi DNA, featured on the BBC and BBC Asian Network, cover all areas of current British [South] Asian popular culture such as film, music, and the visual arts, including fashion and style. Club nights that feature [South] Asian music such as bhangra and [South Asian] hip hop, as previously mentioned, are often billed as 'desi' nights. The Internet radio station DesiHits.com, rivaling the BBC Asian Network in cultural significance as well as in the number of young [South] Asian listeners, plays all the current [South] Asian hits, which allows one to browse online by artist and by genre, listing them under categories such as 'desi beats', 'Bollywood', and 'hip hop'.
Among teenagers who have ancestral roots in the Indian subcontinent, the term Desi is "embraced to elucidate a new inclusive identity of South Asians in the US, who participate as 'public consumers and producers of a distinctive, widely circulating cultural and linguistic forms'."[11] To this end, channels such as MTV Desi have recognized "the transnational nature of Desi youth culture, writers, producers, and VJs" and have shared "a range of topics relating to life in South Asia and the South Asian diaspora worldwide".[12]
"Desi" is sometimes perceived as offensive among some South Asian expatriates,[13] as they claim that it erases the diversity of cultural identities within the South Asian community,[14] and that it primarily identifies the dominant North Indian community while excluding other South Asian groups.[13][15] Some resist the label, citing historical Indian imperialism and cultural hegemony.[13] They believe that terms like "Desi" impose a homogenous identity and fail to acknowledge the pluralistic nature of South Asian communities.[15] Alternatives like "South Asian" or "Brown" have been proposed, but they also have their limitations and can be perceived as misleading or exclusive.[15] While some individuals find the term "South Asian" inclusive and encompassing, others feel it does not fully capture their specific backgrounds.[13] The complexity and diversity of the diaspora necessitate recognizing multiple identities and resisting the tendency to homogenize or erase particular communities.[15]
Among non-diaspora South Asians, the term Desi is sometimes used to indicate that a person is rural, unexposed to foreign/modern culture, and more deeply steeped in native South Asian culture.[16][17]
The word "Desi" comes from the Sanskrit word "Desh" meaning "country". The word "Desi" is used to refer to something "from the country" and with time its usage shifted towards referring to people, cultures, and products of a specific region; for example, desi food, desi calendars, and desi dress.[18]
After the passage of the Immigration and Nationality Act of 1965, the United States dramatically increased immigration from the subcontinent. As increasing numbers of students from the subcontinent arrived in the US and UK, their countries of origin were colloquially referred to as deś. For example, all things Indian including Indian expatriates were referred to as "desi".
In the United States, as in other countries, some diaspora desis are creating a "fusion" culture, in which foods, fashions, music, and the like from many areas of South Asia are "fused" both with each other and with elements from Western culture.[24][non-primary source needed] For example, Urban Desi is a genre of music formed by the fusion of traditional South Asian music and Western urban music.[25] The growing demand of popular programming for South Asians caused MTV to launch the desi-targeted television channel MTV Desi.
In the United Kingdom, desi communities have continued the fusion culture which first emerged during the 89 year rule of the British Raj in colonial India, influencing British music, art, fashion and food. There are now dedicated radio stations catering to British-South Asians such as the BBC Asian Network.
The Natya Shastra refers to the regional varieties of folk dance and music elements as desi, and states that these are meant as pure entertainment for common people, while the pan-Indian margi elements are to spiritually enlighten the audience. The medieval developments of the classical Indian dance and music led to the introduction of desi gharanas, in addition to the classical gharanas codified in Natya Shastra. The desi gharanas further developed into the present-day adavus. There is raga in Indian classical music known as "Desi".
In regions of South Asia, desi in the context of food, implies "native" or "traditional". For example, "Desi chicken" may refer to a native breed of chicken. This word is also usually restricted to Sanskrit-derived (Indo-Aryan) languages.
Heritage varieties of vegetables and other produce can also be qualified as "desi". "Desi diet" refers to a diet and food choices followed by Indians around the world. Desi daru refers to "country liquor", such as fenny, toddy and arrack. It is differentiated from Indian-made foreign liquor such as Indian-made whisky, rum, or vodka.
In the United Kingdom, the term Desi pub is used to describe a pub which is owned or managed by an Indian landlord, or which serves Punjabi food. They developed during the 1960s and 1970s at a time when some British pubs enforced color bars to prevent Indians and other immigrants from drinking there. Desi pubs are especially common in the Black Country and surrounding areas of the West Midlands. As well as drinking places, they also act as community hubs and meeting places for people from different backgrounds and are considered to be an example of successful integration of Indian immigrants into British culture.[26][27]
The only thing better than a good recipe? When something's so easy to make that you don't even need one. Welcome to It's That Simple, a column where we talk you through the process of making the dishes and drinks we can make with our eyes closed.
Repeat the process with the second half of the mixture. Place desi omelette on plates. Roughly chop reserved sprigs of cilantro and sprinkle on top. Enjoy morsels of it, eaten by hand, with a paratha, or white buttered toast with a slick of Maggi Chili Garlic Sauce on the side. When I am home in Lahore, I like to fold it up and enjoy it between two slices of soft white bread, with a slather of Shezan ketchup.
The Dark Energy Spectroscopic Instrument (DESI) consortium is conducting a five-year survey to map the large-scale structure of the Universe over one-third of the sky and 11 billion years of cosmic history, aiming to study the physics of dark energy.
The Dark Energy Spectroscopic Instrument (DESI) consortium will conduct a massive redshift survey to map the large-scale structure of the Universe over one-third of the sky and 11 billion years of cosmic history. DESI is designed to measure the impact of dark energy, through the baryon acoustic oscillations and galaxy redshift-space distortions. The 5-year DESI survey will begin in 2021 and acquire redshifts of about 35 million galaxies and quasars, as well as millions of stars.
Prof. Daniel Eisenstein served as co-Spokesperson of the DESI collaboration from 2014 to 2020 and is heavily involved in the target selection, cosmological simulation, and large-scale structure analyses of the data set. Prof. Douglas Finkbeiner aims to use DESI to study the Milky Way galaxy through its stars and dust. For both, the DESI data set provides a state-of-the-art opportunity for the development of statistical methods for astrophysics.
The DESI instrument features 5000 robotically positioned fibers covering an 8 square degree focal plane on the 4-meter Mayall telescope at Kitt Peak National Observatory. The fibers feed an array of ten three-arm moderate-resolution spectrographs of high efficiency.
Prior to the start of spectroscopy, the DESI collaboration led the execution of the Legacy Survey, an imaging program that resulted in deep imaging of about half of the sky in three optical bands plus co-reduction with 7 years of infrared imaging from the WISE satellite mission.
The infrared DESI spectrum and Legacy Survey image of a redshift 1.286 post-starburst galaxy easily revealing the distinctive Balmer-line signature. This galaxy is magnitude 19.9 (AB) in the z-band, about a factor of 2 brighter than the planned flux limit for DESI luminous red galaxy selection. DESI observed this target for 45 minutes on March 15. The spectrum has been smoothed for presentation. Adapted from -post-1/.
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With a rich heritage, the history of Indian cuisine is as old as our civilization. The Indian dining etiquette is built on traditions. Behind almost every tradition are centuries of invasions, conquests, religious beliefs, political changes and social customs.
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