I just tried Manual Update, but it didn't solve the problem.
At this point, the encoder rings update when switching between layers on the X-Touch, but not when switching between photos (on either layer). And while they do update when switching between layers, they stay at whatever state they were when previously in on that layer. So it's the same problem on either layer, but with different "stuck" encoder rings.
Also strange is that I have the encoder button functions all set as a reset for each particular encoder. And while the reset works in Lightroom, the encoder ring doesn't update to the 0 position, accordingly. It just stays where it is.
I then changed most of the encoders to the "single" type instead of the "pan" type. I'm not sure what the differences are, but the encoder behaviour has definitely changed. Now the ring stays the same between photos, but if the encoder is turned, the setting is applied immediately. For example, encoder 1 is set to Sharpening Amount. On the first photo the sharpening is at 50, and on the second photo the sharpening is at 100. If the ring shows 50 from the first photo, but I'm editing the second photo, and I turn the ring, it instantly moves the sharpening from 100 to 50, and then starts increasing the sharpening as the encoder keeps turning. Kind of like a reverse of the Pickup mode. Very strange.
The encoders also always default to 0 (all the way left), which is very confusing when using a setting like Dehaze which should default to the centre. Even more confusing is that in single mode, when an encoder is at 0, there is no light on the ring at all.
I hope that gives you some more info to work with. I'll keep trying different things out, but it's pretty weird.
Thanks again,
Phil.