A Manual Of Acupuncture Apk Free Download
Aleshia Ducharme
A Manual of Acupuncture is the primary acupuncture point resource used in colleges and universities throughout the world. Originally a textbook, it is now also available as an Online Edition and mobile phone app (digital membership allows access to both*). A Manual of Acupuncture is designed to help students and practitioners with every aspect of their study and practice.
Overview
Since its publication in 1998, A Manual of Acupuncture has rapidly become the standard acupuncture point book for students and practitioners throughout the English-speaking world.
With detailed exposition of the names, locations, indications and actions of every point, it is characterised by hundreds of beautiful and anatomically exacting illustrations (one for every point), lengthy commentaries on the points, numerous point combinations drawn from classical texts and comprehensive indexes.
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Interventions: 20 sessions of manual acupuncture at true acupuncture points plus usual care, 20 sessions of non-penetrating sham acupuncture at heterosegmental non-acupuncture points plus usual care, or usual care alone over 8 weeks.
Conclusions: Twenty sessions of manual acupuncture was superior to sham acupuncture and usual care for the prophylaxis of episodic migraine without aura. These results support the use of manual acupuncture in patients who are reluctant to use prophylactic drugs or when prophylactic drugs are ineffective, and it should be considered in future guidelines.
Backgroundand Objective. Poststroke dysphagia is one of the most common stroke complications with high morbidity and long course, while acupuncture treatment is easily accepted by patients due to its reliability, feasibility, simple operation, low price, and quick effect. Our objective was to evaluate the efficacy of manual acupuncture in poststroke dysphagia patients. Methods. Databases including Medline, Web of Science, PubMed, Cochrane Library databases, EMBASE, CNKI (China National Knowledge Infrastructure), WanFang (WanFang Database), and VIP (Chongqing VIP) were searched from inception until Aug 19, 2022. Data were analyzed using Revman 5.3, Stata 14.0, and TSA 0.9.5.10 Beta software. Evidence quality evaluation was performed by using GRADE profiler 3.6. Results. A total of 33 randomized control trials (RCTs) enrolled 2680 patients. Meta-analysis results revealed that compared to rehabilitation, acupuncture decreased water swallow test (WST) and standard swallowing assessment (SSA) scores. Meanwhile, in contrast to rehabilitation alone, integration of acupuncture with rehabilitation effectively decreased WST and SSA scores; improved swallowing scores of videofluoroscopic swallowing study (VFSS), swallowing scores of Fujishima Ichiro, Barthel index (BI), and swallowing quality of life questionnaire (SWAL-QOL); reduced the aspiration rates as well as aspiration pneumonia; and shortened the duration of empty swallowing and the duration of 5 mL water swallowing. Pooled analysis did not reveal any significant differences in dysphagia outcome severity scores (DOSS) (p=0.15 > 0.05p) between the acupuncture group combined with rehabilitation group and the rehabilitation group alone. After the risk-of-bias assessment, these studies were not of low quality, except in terms of allocation concealment and blindness. Evidence quality evaluation showed that allocation concealment and blindness led to a downgrade and primary outcomes' evaluation of acupuncture combined with rehabilitation were ranked as moderate-quality evidence while acupuncture alone was ranked as low-quality. Conclusion. This meta-analysis provided positive pieces of evidences that acupuncture and acupuncture combined with rehabilitation were better than using rehabilitation alone in the treatment of poststroke dysphagia.
Manual acupuncture has commonly been used in China, either alone or in combination with conventional medicine, to treat diabetic peripheral neuropathy (DPN). The objective of this study was to perform a systematic review to evaluate the potential benefits and harms of manual acupuncture for DPN to justify its clinical use.
We searched for published and unpublished randomized controlled trials of manual acupuncture for DPN till 31 March 2013. Revman 5.2 software was used for data analysis with effect estimate presented as relative risk (RR) and mean difference (MD) with a 95% confidence interval (CI).
Copyright: 2013 Chen et al. This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited.
World Health Organization (WHO) data suggest that there will be 353 million people with diabetes mellitus by 2030 [1]. Diabetic peripheral neuropathy (DPN) is one of the most common complications of diabetes mellitus. Population based cohort studies have shown that 66% of people with type 1 diabetes and 59% of people with type 2 diabetes have objective evidence of peripheral neuropathy [2]. DPN is a chronic progressive disease, characterized by a progressive loss of nerve fibres that predisposes the person to painful or insensitive extremities, neuropathic ulceration and amputation, and results in a large disease burden in terms of incapacity for work, poor quality of life and consumption of health care resources.
Although many trials of manual acupuncture for DPN have been published, these trials have not yet been systematically reviewed. Therefore, we conducted a systematic review of randomized trials to assess the benefit and harm of manual acupuncture on DPN.
Two authors conducted the literature searching (WC, GYY), study selection (WC, BL), and data extraction (WC, BL) independently. The extracted data included authors and title of study, year of publication, study size, age and gender of the participants, details of methodological information, details of needling, treatment regimen, details of the control interventions, outcomes, and adverse effects for each study. Disagreement was resolved by discussion and consensus reached through a third party (JPL).
The definition of DPN must conform to the following diagnostic criteria: the patient has diabetes mellitus by internationally recognized criteria, such as the WHO criteria [5]; and the patient has a predominantly distal symmetrical sensorimotor polyneuropathy of the limbs; other causes of sensorimotor polyneuropathy have been excluded.
We defined manual acupuncture as manual stimulation of acupuncture points, with penetration of the skin by thin metal needles. Scalp acupuncture, acupoint injection, electroacupuncture, laser acupuncture, moxibustion, or the combination of manual acupuncture and the above were excluded. We included trials only if the treatment was given for a minimum of four weeks.
Eligible control groups were another (potentially) active treatment, sham acupuncture, or no treatment at all. We also included RCTs that compared acupuncture plus another (potentially) active treatment versus that other (potentially) active treatment alone were also included.
The primary outcome was global symptom improvement measured by a validated instrument such as a visual analog (VAS) scale [6], or total symptom score [7]. Where this outcome was not available, we used the global symptom improvement measured by whatever criteria were used by the authors as the primary outcome. Secondary outcomes were change in nerve conduction velocity measured by validated methods, quality of life, and adverse events.
Data were summarized using relative risk (RR) with 95% confidence intervals (CI) for binary outcomes or mean difference (MD) with 95% CI for continuous outcomes. Revman 5.2 software was used for data analyses. Meta-analysis was performed if the trials had a good homogeneity on study design, participants, interventions, control, and outcome measures, which was assessed by examining I2 (a quantity that describes approximately the proportion of variation in point estimates due to heterogeneity rather than sampling error). Fixed-effect model was used for meta-analysis. If at least ten trials were available for a meta-analysis, we assessed for the likelihood of publication bias by constructing funnel plots [8]. If we identified a sufficient number of randomized trials, we had planned to perform sensitivity analyses to explore the influence of trial quality on effect estimates. The quality components of methodology included adequacy of generation of allocation sequence, concealment of allocation, double blinding, and the use of intention-to-treat (yes or no).
The outcomes reported included global symptom improvement (23 trials), and change in motor/sensory nerve conduction velocity (15 trials). For the outcome of global symptom improvement, because the dichotomous outcomes of global improvement of included RCTs were presented in the form of multiple strata and different cut point were used, therefore we combined all positive outcomes into a single positive category (i.e., improvement) and the remaining strata constituted the negative category (i.e., no improvement). For the outcome of nerve conduction velocity, the nerves that were measured were diverse, as shown in Table S3. No trial reported incidence of complications, quality of life, health economics, adverse events, or follow-up after the end of intervention.
The forest plot of comparisons of manual acupuncture versus conventional medicine and manual acupuncture plus cobamamide versus cobamamide alone for the outcome of global symptom improvement were shown in Figures S1 and S2, respectively.
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