Good questions!
There's a solid, 2 inch thick, closed cell foam board under the solar panel on both boats. Serves as something the panel sits on, and provides extra buoyancy in case of capsizing.
A regular GPS receiver with a passive antenna works well through the solar panel. The gimbal mounted tracker is a SPOT Trace device which uses Globalstar satellites - it too works well through the panel. However, Iridium SBD modems (such as RockBlock 9603) do not. The only reliable solution I found was to use a proper Iridium certified antenna, mounted externally, out of the panel's shadow.