Although Ecuador is the second-smallest country in South America, it is one of the 17 megadiverse countries in the world, exhibiting a great diversity of plant and animal species. Its charm is also reflected in its four regions: Amazon, Highlands, Coast, and Insular (Galapagos Islands). On average, in just 6 hours driving distance the Coastal and Amazon regions of Ecuador meet; and in 45 minutes flying time one can reach the Galapagos Islands.
Before the arrival of the Spanish, Ecuadorian natives were aware of the existence of petroleum in the Coastal Region. They called this material Copey or Cop. These fields were produced for exporting raw material to obtain tar. As was the practice in other parts of the world in olden days, natives in Chanduy and Chongn (today Santa Elena province) also used tar to caulk ships.
The industry of extracting petroleum is clearly divided into two periods: The first one started in the Coastal Region, in Santa Elena peninsula, with the production of the first well that Anglo Ecuadorian Oil Fields drilled and completed on 4 November 1911, Ancn-01, obtaining a light oil of 32 API. During its exploitation period Santa Elena peninsula production satisfied domestic demand.
This first stage until 1960 had important factors to highlight: work was carried out just in Santa Elena peninsula, a simple technology was applied, social and environmental impacts were not considered yet, and economically foreign enterprises were benefited instead of the Ecuadorian state. For example, Anglo, a subsidiary of British Petroleum, gained a 99% interest, while Ecuador gained 1%. This situation has changed gradually. In 1938, for example, then president Alberto Enrquez Gallo through a decree increased a bonus in favor of the state.
The second stage started in 1972 in the Amazon Region. During this period the state changed its role, turned into an active player with a mini oil boom. Under the nationalist government of Rodrguez Lara, the Ecuadorian State Petroleum Corporation (CEPE) was created, responsible for downstream, midstream, and upstream operations. In 1989, the state company turned into Petroecuador, a company divided into Petroproduccin, Petroindustrial, and Petrocomercial, each one covering a stage in the petroleum value chain. Until this, Ecuador produced medium crude with less than 30 API from the North Amazon Region. The consortium CEPE-Texaco-Gulf was in charge of this crude extraction.
The main producing formations in Ecuador are located in the Oriente basin which has different producing reservoirs developed in the cretaceous time period. The reservoirs are siliciclastic with heterolithic characteristics, which provide different potentials in its sequence (Fig. 2).
ITT is a landmark for the petroleum industry in Ecuador. The fields are located in the northeast of Ecuador, in Orellana province. The first field was discovered in 1949, while the others between 1992 and 1993. In 2016, Petroamazonas and Ecuadorian technicians started the activity in Tiputini.
Tiputini is in the borderline of the National Park Yasun. For that reason, the Ministry of the Environment approved the environmental permit under rigorous and high-standard techniques such as multidirectional, directional, and horizontal drilling to obtain the crude from this field. Advanced technologies will be applied to drill 600 wells until 2025 in the ITT block.
But today Ecuador is searching for a change in its extractive oil model; the modern state university, Yachay-Tech, founded in 2014, is going to implement a new degree in petroleum engineering. Research initiatives in Ecuador could help complement the extraction stage, refining the resource with the proper technology, reducing the amount of imported derivatives, and helping with the deficit of fuel in the country, and demonstrate the significance of oil for the future of Ecuador.
The Old Town offers many places close to each other such as churches, convents, monasteries, and museums. Some must-sees are La Iglesia de la Compaa de Jess with its beautiful domes; San Francisco Church and Convent with its legends; and works of The Quito School, an artistic movement from colonial times. Among the churches, the neogothic building of the Basilica of the National Vow has gargoyles with shapes of Ecuadorian animals from Galapagos and Amazon Region such as jaguar, booby, armadillo, and others.
Between churches and El Panecillo is Ronda Street traced back to 1480 in history. As a traditional street, here one can find Ecuadorian handicrafts, live music, and have a meal in its restaurants. And as a dessert, you can enjoy exotic-flavored ice creams such as fig with honey, quesadillas, rice with milk, machica, and fanesca.
Visiting the museums is a great way to learn about Ecuadorian history: the Wax Museum, El Palacio de Carondelet (The Presidential Palace), the City Museum, Guayasamn Museum, and Casa del Alabado (a museum of Pre-Columbian art).
Danilo Vasconez is a specialist in reservoir engineering and numerical simulation at Schlumberger with experience in integrated reservoir characterization studies in the Oriente and Los Llanos basin of Ecuador and Colombia. He is currently assigned to a joint-venture project for production optimization with Schlumberger Production Management. As a reservoir engineering consultant, he is co-responsible for workover and infill drilling Capex proposals and planning through integrated petrophysical, geological, and reservoir characterization schemes in reservoirs with high water cut. Vasconez holds an MSc in reservoir evaluation and management from Heriot-Watt University.
Welcome to the Central/South American Region! Our mission is to provide value to our members by offering a connection point that represents the needs, concerns, and support efforts of industrial engineers across 45 countries in Central and South America. Our region has one professional chapter located in Costa Rica and 24 university chapters across Colombia, Dominican Republic, Ecuador, Honduras Peru and Costa Rica.
Dr. Ramrez-Valdivia is a professor, researcher, and consultant in Higher Education, Manufacturing, and Healthcare Quality Management Systems. She earned her Industrial Engineering degree from Universidad Nacional de Ingeniera, Nicaragua, her M.Sc. in Industrial Engineering from the University of Missouri-Columbia, and her Ph.D. from Pontificia Universidad Catlica de Chile.
She is currently appointed as Associate Professor at the Department of Industrial and Systems Engineering at Universidad de La Frontera in Temuco, Chile. She has authored several articles, and book chapters and participated as a researcher and co-researcher in several R&D projects in Chile, Nicaragua, and the US. Furthermore, she has served as Director of Quality, Director of the International Affairs, Director of Industrial Engineering, and Director of Master in Integrated Quality Systems Management, at Universidad de La Frontera. In the US, she worked as Project Engineer at the Enterprise Systems Center in Lehigh University, Pennsylvania. In Nicaragua, she served as a full professor at Universidad Nacional de Ingeniera, consultant for the Bolivar Program for Small Companies, consultant for the Central American Bank for Integration, and National Director of Quality Control at the Ministry of Economy and Development.
Professor Snchez-Gmez is a biomedical engineer, lawyer, magister in Education, magister in Public Policy, and a doctoral student in Industrial and Systems Engineering at Universidad de Los Andes. He has worked as a professor of civil and telematics engineering at the Universidad Distrital, professor of Industrial engineering at the Universidad El Bosque, professor of Environmental engineering at the Universidad de Cundinamarca and pedagogue of educational innovations at the Center for Innovation in Technology and Education (ConectaTE) at the Universidad de Los Andes. He has experience in research and project management in education and innovation with ICT, and he has certificates in the English, Portuguese and French languages. He has been a designer of courses and educational programs, leader of national (CNA) and international accreditation (ABET), pedagogue, and teacher trainer in secondary education. Actually is a professor of industrial engineering at the Universidad Sergio Arboleda and a professor of Systems engineering at the Universidad de Los Andes.
Scoliosis screening and pre-K screening in Tallapoosa Co-AUSON first semester nursing students provide scoliosis screening for boys and girls in grades 5-8 and pre-K screening (BP, Height, weight, BMI, hearing) for rising kindergarteners in the Tallapoosa County school system. Approximately 40 undergraduate nursing students assist in these screenings during the Fall semesters. There is no funding associated with these screenings.
The Auburn University College of Nursing meets with Alabama school nurses and school counselors on a yearly basis prior to the start of school for education. Topics are identified by the participating schools.
Each Friday, faculty from nursing, social work, nutrition, medicine, and pharmacy join their students to provide multidisciplinary, patient-centered care. Students are divided into teams, with at least one representative from each discipline on each team. The teams conduct a thorough assessment of each patient and then work with faculty from all disciplines to develop a plan of care. Patients receive education, recommendations for medications and follow up care, as well as information regarding resources in the area. Because it is a multidisciplinary clinic, patients often report they are so thankful for this service and the care provided to them through the clinic. The clinics serve to reduce isolation of older adults, provide a means of highlighting Auburn University and VCOM healthcare programs, and ensure that the University land grant mission is met. Students also benefit greatly from the experience because it gives them an opportunity to understand the role of their discipline in an interprofessional team as well as experience truly patient-centered care.
7fc3f7cf58