The difference between AACR, LOC, DDC, FRBR, CCO, MARC and RDA

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Oldnew

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Oct 21, 2009, 9:47:58 AM10/21/09
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作为一个mindmap吧。

 
 

Sent to you by Oldnew via Google Reader:

 
 

via How to Catalog a Hiccup by Suzie on 10/18/09

Just in case you were wondering.
Because I was.


AACR
  • Anglo-American Cataloguing Rules
  • Designed for use in the construction of catalogues and other lists in general libraries of all size.
  • Follow the sequence of cataloguers' operations in most present-day libraries and bibliographic agencies.
  • Proceed from general to specific details.
  • Covers rules for books, cartographic materials, manuscripts, music, sound recordings, motion pictures and videorecordings, graphic materials, electronic resources, three-dimensional artifacts and realia, microforms and continuing resources.
  • Developed for use by libraries in Canada, The United States and The United Kingdom.
  • Uses structured punctuation; in fact, is very concerned with and focused on punctuation
LOC
  • Primary Responsibility stems from the CDS, Cataloging Distribution Service
  • Uses The Cataloger's Destop: "a revolutionary cataloging tool created by the Library of Congress, using Folio software"
  • A limited list of resources found in the Cataloger's Desktop:
    • LCRI (Library of Congress Rule Interpretations)
    • Library of Congress Classifications and Subject Headings
    • AACR2
    • MARC 21
    • OLAC (Authority Tools for Audiovisual and Music Catalogers)
    • BISAC Subject Headings (Book Industry Study Group)
    • CCO (Cataloging Cultural Objects)
    • OCLC
    • CONSER
    • Cutter-Sanborn Tables
    • UNIMARC
    • CSDGM (Content Standard for Digital Geospatial Metadata)
    • DCMI (DublinCore Metadata Initiative)
    • Erklärung zu Internationalen Katalogisierungsprinzipien (I just like that word)
    • IASA (International Association for Sound and Audiovisual Archives)
    • ISAD (International Standard Archival Description)
    • ISSN (International Standard Serial Number) 
    • ISBD International Standard Bibliographic Deescription)
    • SEPIADES: Recommendations for Cataloguing Photographic Collections
    • FRBR (Functional Requirements for Bibliographic Records
DDC
  • Dewey Decimal Classification
  • Currently we are on the 22nd revision
  • Is a division of the Library of Congress (!)  Ok, so why does the LC not use the DDC?
  • Is a hierarchical classification system, proceeding from general to specific
  • Comprised of 10 classes (100-900) plus 000 for generalalities (ufo's and librarians)
    • Each class is divided into 10 divisions
    • Each division is divided into 10 sections
    • the numbers following the decimal point refer to notations regarding more specific aspects of the subject such as location, time period, and language.
FRBR

  • Functional Requirements for Bibliographic Records
  • Developed by IFLA (International Federation  of Library Associations) between 1992-1995
  • Evolved out of the AACR3 revision but ended up as a separate entity rather than an update of terminology only (see RDA)
  • Is very conceptual and visual rather than concrete like AACR (which is very much an if/then model) and is useful as a system, as well as a method of organizing information for access.
  • Works well with the Web and web based resources 
  • Has three main 'Entities'
    • Group One:
      •  'Work', 'Expression', 'Manifestation' and 'Item'.
    • Group Two (responsible for Group One)
      • Person' and 'Corporate Body'
    • Group Three (subjects of Group One and/or Two)
      • 'Concept', 'Object', 'Event' and 'Place'.
  • Deals with 'Bibliographic Relationships' 
    • Inherant
    • Content
      • Equivalent
      • Derivative
      • Descriptive
    • Whole/Part and Part to Part
      • Sequential
      • Companion
      • Aggregation
  • Assigns User Tasks, which are Cutter's Objects, evolved
    • Find
    • Identitfy
    • Select
    • Obtain
    • Navigate
  • Off shoots are: 
    • FRAD (Functional Requirements for Authority Data
    • FRSAR (Functional Requirements for Subject Authority Records)
    • FRANAR (Functional Requirements and Numbering for Authority Record
CCO
  • Cataloging Cultural Objects
  • Developed by the Visual Resources Association as a guide for describing cultural works (architecture, art, dance, music etc.) and their images (photographs, paintings, etc.)
  • Contains rules for formatting data, suggestions for required information, controlled vocabulary requirements, and display issues.
  • Can be a complement to AACR2 or completely separate.
  • Leaves leeway for the cataloger and the individual institution to adapt the rules so that their particular data set can be retrieved, repurposed and exchanged effectively and efficiently.
  • Deals with Works and Images
    • sometimes an image is an image of a work, sometimes the image is a work in itself.  They can be both, simultaneously: the difference is found in the particular level of cataloging and access point.
  • Deals with Specificity and Exhaustivity
    • allows and encourages catalogers to be as descriptive as possible, within time, space and funding constraints.  Less is not more, it is less.
  • Like FRBR, deals with Relationships between things:
    • Related
      • Intrinsic
      • Whole/Part
      • Group and Collection
      • Series
      • Componants
    • Extrinsic
      • like AACR2's "see also"
  • Like FRBR is also a very visual model with the relationships between entities shown as flow charts, with reciprocity
  • Has required elements (not required but listed are in 2nd level bullet)
    • Work Type
    • Title
      • language
    • Creator
    • Controlled Creator 
    • Role
    • Measurements 
    • Materials and Techniques
      • Type
      • Technique
      • Color
      • Extent
      • Edition
      • State
      • Inscription
      • Facture
      • Physical Description
      • Condition
      • Conservation History
      • Style
      • Culture
    • Date: earliest and latest
    • Current Location
      • creation location
      • discovery location
      • former location
    • Subject 
      • extent and subject type
      • Class
      • Description
    • View Description
    • View Type
    • View Subject
    • Personal and Corporate Name
    • Names
    • Biography
    • Birth and Death date
    • Nationality
    • Life Roles
    • Sources
      • gender
      • earliest and latest activity
      • related people 
      • events
    • Geographic Place
    • Names
    • Place Type
    • Broader Context
    • Sources
      • coordinates
      • dates
      • related places
      • relationship type
    • Concept
    • Terms
    • Broader Context
    • Note
    • Sources
      • term qualifier
      • dates
      • related concepts
      • relationship type
    • Subject
    • Names
    • Sources
    • Broader Context
      • related keywords
      • related subjects
      • related geographic places
      • related people
      • related concepts
      • relationship type
MARC
  • Machine Readable Cataloging
  • A standardized way to format bibliographic information so that when entered into a computer it creates an understandable record for the item.
  • Currently in its 21st revision since being developed by the Library of Congress in the 1960's
  • Pre-web, pre-a lot of things.
  • Has both variable and fixed fields 
  • 200 Fields numbered from 001 to 880
  • 001 to 099 are fixed fields containing standard numbers, classification numbers, codes, and other data elements relating to the record.
  • 800 subfields 
  • subfields convey certain information about the field and are expressed as $a, $c, each delimiter expressing the kind of information found in the following subfield
  • uses letters and symbols to indicate additional information such as format or additional part of a record
  • Only 4% of fields account for 80% of all records
  • In a study done by OCLC, out of 56 MILLION records, only one used the 856 field.
  • Roy Tennant, Senior Program Manager for OCLC, said "MARC must die"
  • No entities other than libraries use it
  • "Lossy Output Format"
  • Originally intended as a transfer format (!!!) but ended up as a metadata scheme.
RDA
  • Resource Description and Access
  • created concurrently but separately with ICP, the new IFLA cataloging principles
  • Utilizes FRBR and FRAD
  • grew out of AACR3, which was never really created
  • Web-based
  • Is not a display standard like MARC but does show visually how data is connected
  • Includes a broader, expanded view of the bibliographic universe
  • Two parts: Recording Attributes and Recording Relationships
  • Shows more connections, relationships and pathways
  • Change in technology, focus and view
  • Metadata can be used beyond the library and catalogs will no longer be isolated because they will be online, where there is global access to the data
  • Has 4 groups
    • FRBR #1
      • Work
      • Expression
      • Manifestation
      • Item
    • FRBR #2
      • Person
      • Family
      • Corporate Body
    • FRBR #3
      • Concept
      • Object
      • Event
      • Place
    • FRAD
      • Name

 
 

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