Net Value Calculation Bee
Marilina Crawn
Ariel Courage is an experienced editor, researcher, and former fact-checker. She has performed editing and fact-checking work for several leading finance publications, including The Motley Fool and Passport to Wall Street.
To calculate the present value of a stream of future cash flows you would repeat the formula for each cash flow and then total them. Fortunately, you can easily do this using software or an online calculator rather than by hand.
Present value is calculated using three data points: the expected future value, the interest rate that the money might earn between now and then if invested, and number of payment periods, such as one in the case of a one-year annual return that doesn't compound.
Present value is important because it allows investors and businesses to judge whether some future outcome will be worth making the investment today. It is also important in choosing among potential investments, especially if they are expected to pay off at different times in the future.
A popular concept in finance is the idea of net present value, more commonly known as NPV. It is important to make the distinction between PV and NPV; while the former is usually associated with learning broad financial concepts and financial calculators, the latter generally has more practical uses in everyday life. NPV is a common metric used in financial analysis and accounting; examples include the calculation of capital expenditure or depreciation. The difference between the two is that while PV represents the present value of a sum of money or cash flow, NPV represents the net of all cash inflows and all cash outflows, similar to how the net income of a business after revenue and expenses, or how net benefit is found after evaluating the pros and cons to doing something. The inclusion of the word 'net' denotes the combination of positive and negative values for a figure.
PV (along with FV, I/Y, N, and PMT) is an important element in the time value of money, which forms the backbone of finance. There can be no such things as mortgages, auto loans, or credit cards without PV.
To learn more about or do calculations on future value instead, feel free to pop on over to our Future Value Calculator. For a brief, educational introduction to finance and the time value of money, please visit our Finance Calculator.
Second Example: Here, using the same formula but when the Remaining (Weeks) is < 1, it keeps returning a value of "1125" which I cannot figure out why. What I want it to return is the Remaining Hours of = 321.5 - the value in Column3@row. Tried writing this in different ways, and keep getting same odd value. Any idea and help would be great appreciated. Thank you
HI - looking to see if I can alternate color coding of rows using conditional formatting to make it easier to read. For example, the first set of items (sample size) would be gray, then the next white then staffing training back to gray. They are variable numbers and rows can be added to a group at any point
When valuing a private company, there are a few different formulas that can be used to determine its worth. The most common valuation formulas are the capitalized earnings, the discounted cash flow, the relative valuation formula, the enterprise value to EBITDA multiple, and the asset-based.
It is currently the perfect storm to value and sell your business in California. With the great resignation that started during the pandemic and the trend to continue till 2023, there are no shortages of experienced and well-financed buyers looking for the next opportunity to grab.
For an academic research, I need to calculate the U-value of thermal bridges in a diagrid structure construction with pretty complex geometry. I used HB + THERM to estimate the u-value of some sections in 2D; but at structural joints, 2D conversion seems to be oversimplified.
I would appreciate it if you could suggest a method or a free software to simulate and calculate U-value in 3D.
I will also say that the only 3D Finite Element heat flow modeling software that I know of is RadTherm, which is proprietary and prohibitively expensive for pretty much anyone who does not have an academic institution willing to pay for it. Maybe that is able to address your situation but, if not, I imagine that the fist option of making multiple cross-sections will get you really close.
Dear Mostapha,
Many thanks for introducing Kiva, but it seems to be usable for foundations with orthogonal geometry. See the parameters here. Only vertical and horizontal insulation is supported. (?)
You beat me to bringing up the orthogonal geometry limitation. From my understanding of KIVA, it only simulates orthogonal geometry because the methods for meshing orthogonal geometry are relatively straightforward. Good triangulated meshes that can be applied to non-orthogonal geometries are much harder to generate reliably.
@AryanShahabian , If you can share an image or file of the detail that you are trying to model, we can probably help you decide on the best way to slice it into sections. It helps to have an intuition about how heat will flow through the detail before you decide how to slice it up.
Thank you both Chris and Samuel
@chris the methods you mentioned are very helpful.
@SamueldeVries I have a demo version of SOLIDO on my laptop. I sent an email to Physibel asking them if they could contribute to my research with a free temporary licence, but my email failed delivery. Maybe their email address has changed or the mailbox is full
Hi, I am wondering does anyone know how to calculate the E value (the amount of extrude from the start to the endpoint ) in the Prusa Slicer? I am trying to test the performance of my adaptive slicing (non-uniform layer height) f0r my research, but not sure how to adjust the G-code ( E ) of Prusa slicer based on my given length and height. Many thanks
By modelling the pressure inside the hot-end, Linear Advance may cause different extrusion values for the same length of the extruded line. So expect some non-obvious differences if you monitor the length of extrusion for a given line length if LA is active.
Is linear advance something that is calculated by the slicer and applied to the gcode or interpreted by the firmware? Isn't this why you might send the firmware a custom K value in the start gcode if you use a different filament?
I guess, this is where the deviations might come from?
Actually, I don't want to dive to deep into flow math and think, i can
just calculate the mean extrution per mm for a certain set of settings
and use this for my own gcode?
You guys got me thinking ? ... so let me elaborate a bit more on my thoughts: you can read the E value from the code, or you can monitor the step signal of the extruder's stepper, or the extruder shaft angle, or you can measure the actual length of filament going through the extruder. Each one of these actions may lead to different values.
PrusaSlicer (of which I am not knowledgeable enough of its internals) has a number of details that can make its output less than obvious, as it is the sum of different contributions. For example, elephant foot compensation is about to change the extrusion of the first layer to avoid making it wider than the rest of the layers. If you do not discount that, you can see that one line and the same one on top get different E values though they are the same length, width, and height. I do not know how many other similar details are running in PrusaSlicer internals, but my guess is there is more, so I won't be surprised if my back-of-the-envelope calculation is off too.
If motivated enough, both the slicer and the firmware are open source so a thorough study can be conducted but that could be a long shot. IMHO it is a bit like getting an accurate estimate of the print time.
Answering to @Heiko I reckon if layer height and width are the same, two lines of equal length would get the same E value from the slicer (unless subtle changes like multiplier change happen in the background of the slicer internals unbeknown to us).
@ misan i think so, but the amount of extrusion per mm differs, when the lenght is changing. (you can check it easily by comparing two
paths with diffrent lenght of any infill) i'm still wondering, where this might come from, but for my purpose i guess it's ok to just calculate
the mean of all e values (per mm) and then multiply with the pathlenghts of my one code
Just a sample cube in vase mode. You can see that 3 of the sides render precisely the same E value. The fourth one is not because a slicing decision is made; it will split it into two segments for reasons I ignore. But once you add these two together, 0.81863+0.01235, you get the same E value 0.83098 so at least in this example the idea that a certain distance renders a given E value holds.
@Heiko: that variation you mention is less than 0,22% so I would assume it might be connected to some simplification on the distance calculations to make it quicker (or another type of math artifact).
@misan surely...thanks for your reply. so sanglae-kim said (PursaSlicer changes extrusion value automatically (to fit rasters in integer))
just wanted to make sure to be on the right track.
(i'm looking forward printing very tiny, but still readable text on "filament level")
I would also like the ability to apply calculations anywhere a variable can be assigned. Essentially, the flip side to assigning calculations to variable definitions is that instead of requiring multiple variables, one for each calculation, you could have a few base variables and then specify any calculation using them where you need to.
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