The TEM images indicate that the carbon spheres are hard solids and are highly dispersed with size ranges from 50 nm to 260 nm on average. The samples which were calcinated at 500C after a synthesis process have shown an improvement in surface morphology, reduction in size, and enhancement in dispersion compared to those which were not heat treated. The TEM images (a, b, c) in Figure 1 represent CNs synthesized at 170C, 180C, and 190C, respectively for 6 hours in hydrothermal pot. The TEM images (a, b, c) in Figure 2 were calcinated at 500C in nitrogen atmosphere after the synthesis process. In Figure 3, TEM image (a) represents CNs synthesized at 160C, SEM image (b) represents CNs synthesized at 140C, and a histogram (c) represents size distribution of as synthesized carbon nanospheres before and after calcination. A node-like structure on the surface of a particle in Figure 3(a) may be responsible for interconnection of carbon spheres. The SEM images shown in Figure 3(b) possess highly porous hollow particles of sponge-like surface indicating immature particles with the size range in micrometer. This sample was grown at 140C for 6 hours.
When writing parallel computing code, a Reduce operationallows you to compute statistics on a large amount of inputs. In EarthEngine, you need to run reduction operation when creating composites,calculating statistics, doing regression analysis etc. The Earth EngineAPI comes with a large number of built-in reducer functions (such asee.Reducer.sum(), ee.Reducer.histogram(),ee.Reducer.linearFit() etc.) that can perform a variety ofstatistical operations on input data. You can run reducers using thereduce() function. Earth Engine supports running reducerson all data structures that can hold multiple values, such as Images(reducers run on different bands), ImageCollection, FeatureCollection,List, Dictionary etc. The script below introduces basic concepts relatedto reducers.
Subjek penelitian menggunakan aplikasi Matlab R2010a sebagai imageprocessing. File citra buah sawit berekstensi bitmap. Sistem mempresentasikan citra buah sawit ke dalam bentuk piksel (pixel based models). Sistem yang digunakan pendekatan perbandingan histogramwarna grayscale citra buah sawit. Ada 2 tahapan dalam Aplikasi ini yaitu, mengubah citra digital menjadi citra grayscale dimana citra masukan akan diproses dan dideteksi warna RGB didalamnya, kemudian dari unsur warna tersebut akan diubah menjadi satu nilai derajat keabuan. Tahap kedua adalah mencari histogram citra dan ekstraksi ciri sampel awal kemudian dibandingkan dengan database, selanjutnya dihitung kedekatan dari setiap citra yang diujikan dengan menghitung nilai ekstraksin cirinya. Parameter ekstraksi ciri yang digunakan adalah mean, skewness, kurtosis dan entropy.
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