Its certainly possible that the hard drive suffered a catastrophic failure but you won't know for sure until you first attempt to access it using an adapter that's capable of spinning up such a heavy mechanical drive.
Note that the adapter I'm using is originally for 2.5 inch drives. Connecting a Seagate Momentus (2.5") drive works just fine. I've read somewhere that it doesn't matter if the drive is 2.5 or 3.5 inches, so long as it's SATA. Also, when I connect the power cable from the desktop PC to the WD drive, it spins normally. That's just to confirm that the drive isn't generally broken.
Can anyone point me in the right direction? One theory I have is that the WD drive might need to have different jumper settings for this to work. Then again, my laptop already recognizes it, it just doesn't spin... So perhaps it's just not getting enough power through the USB cable?
It does matter what size the drive is. Large 3.5" hard drives require more power then what even two USB ports can provide. For reference, a single USB port can provide a maximum 500 mA of current. A Western Digital WD3200AAJS, on the other hand, requires 1444 mA at idle, and 1608 mA when reading/writing files to/from the drive.
It is part of the USB specification that if a device attempts to draw too much power, it is simply disconnected from the target system - this is why, while your adapter itself shows up, you can't access the drive. There is no jumper setting to change, SATA drives don't have any.
What you're trying to do is, quite bluntly, impossible. You'd need the power of almost four USB ports to get the HDD working, which is also why you never see full 3.5" drive enclosures without an external power supply.
Your only option is to power the drive from the computer, power it using an external power supply, or if you can find any (reliable) +5V and +12V DC source, you could hack together your own. Or you could just buy a USB HDD enclosure that has the power source.
A 3.5" drive requires both 5v and 12v, wheras 2.5" drives only need 5v. USB only supplies 5v. USB adapters/enclosures for 3.5" drives have a separate 12v input in addition to the 5v, which can be supllied by the USB bus or by the power supply, in which case the PSU is supplying both voltages.
A single USB cable is not sufficient to power most 3.5" drives (which is why you might have seen some crazy USB Y-adapters on certain enclosures-- those are to draw power from two ports and power the drive without an external adapter), but it can power a 2.5" drive. You will need to get a proper external enclosure that can support the power requirements of a 3.5" drive.
The problem:SATA drive works fine when connected via SATA cable, but does not work when attached through a USB drive enclosure. The drive spins up, and appears on the "eject external drive" menu of the system tray, but does not appear in Windows Explorer. In the Disk Management application, this drive shows up as "invalid dynamic disk".
The solution:Open up the disk management application (Computer>manage>disk management). Will need to enter a sys admin password. Find the drive in the disk list, where it shows up as "invalid dynamic disk". Right-click on this entry and choose "convert to basic disk". All data will be destroyed in this step! Now you can partition and format this disk, and it will function normally from the USB drive enclosure.
I have a hard drive with Linux Mint installed that I recently rescued from a dying computer and have been using a USB to SATA adapter that comes with an external power adapter to try to get some data off that hard drive onto my netbook which uses Ubuntu 12.04.
There doesn't seem to be anything wrong with the hard drive itself. I actually tried installing it on a third computer (without the SATA/USB adapter - just connected the sata cables to it) and it boots up and runs fine. I checked for signs of disk errors and ran a few diagnostic tests and there are no problems there.
1. UASP SATA III Support: Ugreen USB 3.0 to SATA adapter supports UASP transfer protocol, 70% faster than traditional USB 3.0 and 80% reduction in processor resources, allow you to take full advantage of the potential of your SATA III SSD / HDD, when connected to a UASP compliant host. UASP transfer protocol can only speed up SSD hard disk read and write speed.2. Specially designed for 2.5" HDD: Ugreen USB 3.0 to SATA 15 + 7 Pin Connector Cable allows you to connect any standard 2.5" SATA hard drive to your computer / laptop via USB 3.0 port at speeds up to 5Gbps. It is ideal for you to backup files or upgrade your S hard drive laptop / PC. Please kindly point out that the power supply (power adapter is not included) is certainly required if 3.5 " SATA HDD is connected.3. Transfer rates up to 5 Gbps: This is the USB 3.0 version, backward compatible with USB 2.0 and USB 1.0, data transfer rates up to 5 Gbps. Universal Serial Truck interface, driver-less, easy and convenient to carry and use.4. Support system: Ugreen USB 3.0 to SATA Hard Drive Adapter is compatible with Windows 98/2000 / XP / Vista / 7/8 / 8.1, Mac OS X. UASP transfer protocol is a, what you will have to operate system is Win 8, Win 8.1, Win 10, Mac OS 8 or higher.
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