Les Aventures De Tintin Pdf

[Laurene Arrison]

The series is set during a largely realistic[3] 20th century. Its protagonist is Tintin, a courageous young Belgian reporter and adventurer aided by his faithful dog Snowy (Milou in the original French edition). Other allies include the brash and cynical Captain Haddock, the intelligent but hearing-impaired Professor Calculus (French: Professeur Tournesol), incompetent detectives Thomson and Thompson (French: Dupont et Dupond), and the opera diva Bianca Castafiore.

The series has been admired for its clean, expressive drawings in Herg's signature ligne claire ("clear line") style.[4] Its well-researched[5] plots straddle a variety of genres: swashbuckling adventures with elements of fantasy, mysteries, political thrillers, and science fiction. The stories feature slapstick humour, offset by dashes of sophisticated satire with political or cultural commentary.

"The idea for the character of Tintin and the sort of adventures that would befall him came to me, I believe, in five minutes, the moment I first made a sketch of the figure of this hero: that is to say, he had not haunted my youth nor even my dreams. Although it's possible that as a child I imagined myself in the role of a sort of Tintin".

Georges Prosper Remi, best known under the pen name Herg, was employed as an illustrator at Le Vingtime Sicle (The Twentieth Century), a staunchly Roman Catholic, conservative Belgian newspaper based in Herg's native Brussels. Run by the Abb Norbert Wallez, the paper described itself as a "Catholic Newspaper for Doctrine and Information" and disseminated a fascist viewpoint.[7] Wallez appointed Herg editor of a new Thursday youth supplement, titled Le Petit Vingtime ("The Little Twentieth").[8] Propagating Wallez's sociopolitical views to its young readership, it contained explicitly pro-fascist and antisemitic sentiment.[9] In addition to editing the supplement, Herg illustrated L'extraordinaire aventure de Flup, Nnesse, Poussette et Cochonnet (The Extraordinary Adventure of Flup, Nnesse, Poussette and Cochonnet),[10] a comic strip authored by a member of the newspaper's sport staff. Dissatisfied with this, Herg wanted to write and draw his own cartoon strip.[11]

Although Herg wanted to send Tintin to the United States, Wallez ordered him to set his adventure in the Soviet Union, acting as antisocialist propaganda for children. The result, Tintin in the Land of the Soviets, was serialised in Le Petit Vingtime from January 1929 to May 1930.[17] Popular in Francophone Belgium, Wallez organised a publicity stunt at the Paris Gare du Nord railway station, following which he organised the publication of the story in book form.[18] The story's popularity led to an increase in sales, so Wallez granted Herg two assistants.[19] At Wallez's direction, in June he began serialisation of the second story, Tintin in the Congo, designed to encourage colonial sentiment towards the Belgian Congo. Authored in a paternalistic style that depicted the Congolese as childlike idiots, in later decades it was accused of racism, but at the time was uncontroversial and popular, and further publicity stunts were held to increase sales.[20]

For the third adventure, Tintin in America, serialised from September 1931 to October 1932, Herg finally got to deal with a scenario of his own choice, and used the work to push an anti-capitalist, anti-consumerist agenda in keeping with the paper's ultraconservative ideology.[21] The Adventures of Tintin had been syndicated to a Catholic magazine named Cœurs Vaillants (Brave Hearts) since 1930, and Herg was soon receiving syndication requests from Swiss and Portuguese newspapers, too.[22]

In May 1940, Nazi Germany invaded Belgium as World War II spread further across Europe. Although Herg briefly fled to France and was considered a self-imposed exile, he ultimately decided to return to his occupied homeland.[24] For political reasons, the Nazi authorities closed down Le Vingtime Sicle, leaving Herg unemployed.[25] In search of employment, he got a job as an illustrator at Belgium's leading newspaper, Le Soir (The Evening), which was allowed to continue publication under German management.[26] On 17 October 1940, he was made editor of the children's supplement, Le Soir Jeunesse, in which he set about producing new Tintin adventures.[27] In this new, more repressive political climate of German-occupied Belgium, Herg could no longer politicize The Adventures of Tintin lest he be arrested by the Gestapo. As Harry Thompson noted, Tintin's role as a reporter came to an end, to be replaced by his new role as an explorer.[28]

In September 1944, the Allies entered Brussels and Herg's German employers fled. Le Soir was shut down and The Adventures of Tintin was put on hold.[29]Then in 1946, Herg accepted an invitation from Belgian comic publisher Raymond Leblanc and his new publishing company Le Lombard to continue The Adventures of Tintin in the new Le journal de Tintin (Tintin magazine).[30]Herg quickly learned that he no longer had the independence he preferred; he was required to produce two coloured pages a week for Leblanc's magazine, a tall order.[31]

In 1950, Herg began to poach the better members of the Tintin magazine staff to work in the large house on Avenue Louise that contained the fledgling Studios Herg.[32] Bob De Moor (who imitated Herg's style and did half the work),[32] Guy Dessicy (colourist), and Marcel DeHaye (secretary) were the nucleus. To this, Herg added Jacques Martin (imitated Herg's style), Roger Leloup (detailed, realistic drawings), Eugne Evany (later chief of the Studios),[30] Michel Demaret (letterer), and Baudouin Van Den Branden (secretary).[33]As Harry Thompson observed, the idea was to turn the process of creating The Adventures of Tintin into a "veritable production line, the artwork passing from person to person, everyone knowing their part, like an artistic orchestra with Herg conducting".[34]The studios produced eight new Tintin albums for Tintin magazine, and coloured and reformatted two old Tintin albums.Studios Herg continued to release additional publications until Herg's death in 1983. In 1986, a 24th unfinished album was released, the studios were disbanded, and the assets were transferred to the Herg Foundation.[35]

Tintin is a young Belgian reporter and adventurer who becomes involved in dangerous cases in which he takes heroic action to save the day. The Adventures may feature Tintin hard at work in his investigative journalism, but seldom is he seen actually turning in a story.Readers and critics have described Tintin as a well-rounded yet open-ended, intelligent, and creative character, noting that his lack of backstory and neutral personality permits a reflection of the evil, folly, and foolhardiness which surrounds him. The character never compromises his Boy Scout ideals, which represent Herg's own, and his status allows the reader to assume his position within the story, rather than merely following the adventures of a strong protagonist.[36] Tintin's iconic representation enhances this aspect, with Scott McCloud noting that it "allows readers to mask themselves in a character and safely enter a sensually stimulating world".[37] Tintin frequently is depicted wearing plus fours, a type of trouser favoured by golfers and aristocrats.

Snowy (Milou in Herg's original version), a white Wire Fox Terrier dog, is Tintin's loyal companion. Like Captain Haddock, Snowy is fond of Loch Lomond brand Scotch whisky, and his occasional bouts of drinking tend to get him into unintentional trouble, as does his only fear: spiders.

Captain Archibald Haddock (Capitaine Haddock in Herg's original version) is a Merchant Marine sea captain and Tintin's best friend. Introduced in The Crab with the Golden Claws, Haddock is initially depicted as a weak and alcoholic character, but later evolves to become genuinely heroic and even a socialite after he finds a treasure from his ancestor, Sir Francis Haddock (Chevalier Franois de Hadoque in the original version). The Captain's coarse humanity and sarcasm act as a counterpoint to Tintin's often-implausible heroism; he is always quick with a dry comment whenever the boy reporter seems too idealistic. The hot-tempered Haddock uses a range of colourful insults and curses to express his feelings, such as "billions of bilious blue blistering barnacles" (Mille milliards de mille sabords de tonnerre de Brest in the original version) or "ten thousand thundering typhoons".

Professor Cuthbert Calculus (Professeur Tryphon Tournesol in Herg's original version; tournesol is the French word for 'sunflower') is an absent-minded and partially deaf physicist and a regular character alongside Tintin, Snowy, and Captain Haddock. He was introduced in Red Rackham's Treasure, and based partially on Auguste Piccard, a Swiss physicist.[38]

Herg's supporting characters have been cited as far more developed than the central character, each imbued with strength of character and depth of personality, which has been compared with that of the characters of Charles Dickens.[40] Herg used the supporting characters to create a realistic world[3] in which to set his protagonists' adventures. To further the realism and continuity, characters would recur throughout the series. The occupation of Belgium and the restrictions imposed upon Herg forced him to focus on characterisation to avoid depicting troublesome political situations. As a result, the colourful supporting cast was developed during this period.[41]

Thomson and Thompson (Dupont et Dupond in Herg's original version) are two incompetent detectives who look like identical twins, their only discernible difference being the shape of their moustaches.[42] First introduced in Cigars of the Pharaoh, they provide much of the comic relief throughout the series, being afflicted with chronic spoonerisms. They are extremely clumsy, thoroughly incompetent, and usually bent on arresting the wrong character. The detectives usually wear bowler hats and carry walking sticks except when sent abroad; during those missions they attempt the national costume of the locality they are visiting, but instead dress in conspicuously stereotypical folkloric attire which makes them stand apart. The detectives were based partly on Herg's father Alexis and uncle Lon, identical twins who often took walks together, wearing matching bowler hats while carrying matching walking sticks.

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