What Was Seina 39;s Password To The Email Service
Lorin Searing
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In this article, we will solve a Capture the Flag (CTF) challenge that was posted on VulnHub by berzerk0. As per the description given by the author, this is a beginner-level CTF but requires more than just an ExploitDB search or Metasploit to run. This makes this CTF especially interesting.
You can check my previous articles for more CTF challenges. I have also provided a downloadable URL for this CTF here; you can download the machine and run it on VirtualBox. The torrent downloadable URL is also available for this VM and has been added in the reference section of this article.
VulnHub is a well-known website for security researchers which aims to provide users with a way to learn and practice their hacking skills through a series of challenges in a safe and legal environment. You can download vulnerable machines from this website and try to exploit them. There are a lot of other challenging CTF exercises available on vulnhub.com and I highly suggest attempting them, as it is a good way to sharpen your skills and learn new techniques in a safe environment.
Please Note: For all of these machines, I have used Oracle Virtual Box to run the downloaded machine. I am using Kali Linux as an attacker machine for solving this CTF. The techniques used are solely for educational purposes, and I am not responsible if the listed techniques are used against any other targets.
The first step is to identify the target machine IP address, and we can do this by running the netdiscover command. The output of the command can be seen in the following screenshot. [CLICK IMAGES TO ENLARGE]
In the highlighted area of the above screenshot, we can see two files and one directory identified by the tool. When I manually checked the files, it did not provide any information which could help us go further. So, I decided to run the Nikto vulnerability scanner to identify further entry points.
The attackers were also able to hijack our official @fowsniffcorp Twitter account. All of our official tweets have been deleted and the attackers may release sensitive information via this medium. We are working to resolve this at soon as possible.
After reading this text, I saw that this system is suffering from a data breach and there is a strong possibility that employee information may be exposed on the Internet by the hackers. I did the Google search for the same and found a Pastebin URL, which can be seen in the highlighted area of the following screenshot.
Finally, we found some interesting information. In the above screenshot, we can see that there are some email ID and password hashes from the POP3 service. And we already know from Step 2 that POP3 port was open. So, this information is very useful for us.
After that, we can see in the output that we are successfully authenticated in the POP3 service. I used the LIST command to see the messages available for that user. There are two messages in this account.
After that, I used the wget utility to download the exploit on the attacker machine. Once the exploit was downloaded, I renamed it by using the mv command and used the gcc compiler to compile the it. Once the compiling process was completed, an exploit file was generated.
On the target machine, I changed my current directory to the tmp directory and downloaded the exploit by using the wget utility. After that, I provided executable permission by using the chmod command. After that I ran the exploit, which gave the root access of the target machine. All the commands and their output can be seen highlighted in the following screenshot.
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