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Ogene is a style of Igbo music consisting of, and taking its name from, the ogene instrument, which is a large metal bell.[1] The Ogene instrument has historically been made by the Igbo people of Nigeria. It is one of the most important metal instruments of the people.
Ogene (Metal gong)[5] This type of ogene instrument is made into a single bell. They come in various shapes and sizes and are sometimes arranged in a chimes-like rack which is referred to as Ogene-phone.[6]
Alo[13] (largest of the metal gongs) Alo is the largest of the ogene gongs the shapes of alo vary but can reach up to 6 ft.[14] The Alo instruments, are typically singular, though in exceedingly rare instances, a double alo might be encountered.[15]
Ogene Mkpakija is a type of Ogene music that originates from Enugwu Ukwu in Anambra State.[24] Ogene Mkpakija uses a set of three iron bells. In terms of origins although most sources point to the origin of Ogene music to be Anambra the origins of Ogene music are often disputed between the Anambra people and Enugu people as a result it isn't clear if the lyrically Ogene Mkpakija which comes from Enugwu Ukwu precedes its Enugu variant style known as Ogene Okponma.[24] Regardless the common lyrical themes of Ogene mkpakija are often folkloric or proverbial.[24] Another lyrical theme found in this style of ogene is the criticism of the Igbo society at large.[24]
The ogene is used as a war instrument often being used in raising morale for warfare. Within the historical tapestry of Igbo culture, the Ogene holds a revered status as an instrument of war, revered for its role in igniting the fervor and readiness of warriors. Its significance lies in the ability to stir the warriors' adrenaline, infusing them with valor and determination.[24] The resounding tones of the Ogene music resonate through the warriors, instilling a rhythmic pulse that fuels their resolve and courage as they march into battle, fortified and resolute in their pursuit.[24]
Because some parts of Eastern Nigeria are rich in surface iron ore, people there have been smelting, forging and blacksmithing iron for a very long time. Blacksmithing is still an important craft skill in Igbo communities, so making the Ogene is not a problem for them. While there are various ogene sizes, the most frequently seen in the music ensembles is a co-joined pair of hollow flattened conical bells held in one hand. The Ogene is skilfully beaten to generate distinctive sounds ranging from sharply percussive clanks to deep, resonant notes.
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