Hi,
Dealing with time dependent topology changes is not something that MDAnalysis is currently set up to (or aiming to) be able to do. In theory one could update atom types / elements / masses etc.. whilst looping through a trajectory by manually overwriting the values, but that a) would require a carefully constructed custom implementation, b) would be complicated when dealing with things like bond information, c) would not be possible to change the total number of atoms.
With regards to obtaining topology information from DCD or text-based DUMP trajectory files, the MDAnalysis readers are not set up for this either. As far as I know the DCD format does not store atom types, but in the case of text-based DUMP files you might have some luck by creating a custom version of the existing reader. Whilst I don't think it's something we would want to support, please feel free to raise this as a feature request on github if you would like.
Best regards,
Irfan