Mute Swan populations have definitely decreased in the mid-Chesapeake Bay
area. I think that is due to a concerted effort by DNR to eliminate an
"invasive, non-native species" that is "damaging submerged aquatic vegetation"
in the Bay. At least, I know that they have adled eggs on nests near hear
and actually shot a female of a long-established nesting pair near here.
While we used to see several pairs with established territories in the local
waters and encounted many more pairs when anchored in creeks while cruising
on our sailboat, recently we have been seeing NONE.
As for whether that is really helping the Bay or other species, I don't
know. I have noticed that the water in our creek was less murky and had
aquatic vegetation that lasted most of the summer, whereas before it
disappeared by the end of spring. Maybe that is the absense of the
Mutes, or maybe it is due to a reduction in nutrient loading. I don't have
water quality data to check the latter hypothesis. I did see a muskrat
eating the submerged vegetation as fast as he could gather it and get back up on
a log, but he did not seem to clear it out.
As for other birds, in the early 1980s, before we had many Mute Swans in
this area, we would get visits from flocks of Whistling (now Tundra)
Swans. About the time that the Mutes became established here, we
stopped seeing ANY Tundra Swans. And, they have not returned here since
the Mutes vanished. MAYBE that is related to the Mute population, but we
have also seen shifts in the species of ducks that stop by the cove here each
year. For decades, I NEVER saw a single Hooded Merganser in our cove, but
in recent years, they have become increasingly numerous, to the point that this
year, that is ALL we have seen so far, but they are plentiful. In past
years, we had Buffleheads and Ruddy Ducks in large numbers almost all of the
time, along with frequent visits by Common and Red Breasted Mergansers, Scaup
and occasional Golden Eyes. So, whether the Mutes had been a cause of
species shift is also an open question. Most likely true for the Tundra
Swans, but who really knows? The Canada Geese and Common Loons have never
waivered in local populations, here.
Steve Long
(Oxford)