Globe Plants Free Download
Keiko Middlekauff
Your one-stop destination for a diverse range of plant types. Ranging from trees, shrubs, vines, grasses, ground covers, ornamental pot plants, hedges, and aquatic plants. Globe Plants cater to all gardening and landscaping styles. Explore our extensive library today and find the plant types that best suit your project.
As high poly models, our 3D plants were crafted with the highest possible detail and accurate representation of each species. Each format offered was made and optimized for its intended software, ensuring easy import and rendering in your projects. Please note that each format is sold separately. Here are the formats we offer and their unique features:
They look a little like crop circles and a little like artistic earthworks. Around the world, they have many names: in the Namib Desert of Africa, they're called "fairy circles;" in Brazil they're dubbed "murundus," and in North America they're known as "Mima mounds." In a recent paper for Nature, Princeton ecologist Corina E. Tarnita and her colleagues call them "landscapes of overdispersed (evenly spaced) elements." All are regions where plants grow into such perfectly symmetrical, large-scale patterns that they seem unnatural.
Debates rage among ecologists about whether these patterned environments have a common cause and what it might be. Two of the leading hypotheses involve plant cooperation and insect rivalries. In areas where water resources are scarce or irregular, plants are known to engage in "scale-dependent feedbacks," where plants over a wide area grow into clusters rather than spreading out over a big area. The plant clumps limit their sizes to make the best use of water, and this strategy leads to reproductive success. It also might explain why we see patterns of plant growth that are characteristic of fairy circles and Mima mounds.
Tarnita and her colleagues' paper in Nature suggests that we're probably seeing an unusual interaction between plants and termites, both attempting to maintain access to water in dry areas. Using a computer model that accounted for both plant and insect life cycles, the researchers were able to reproduce the exact patterns we see in fairy circles. Speaking to the Washington Post's Sarah Kaplan, Tarnita marveled, "It's an amazing thing that you can get such clean, beautiful geometric patterns. Such tiny creatures doing their thing very locally every day end up producing these unbelievable large-scale patterns... To me, it's mind-boggling that nature can do that." Kaplan added that Princeton chemist Salvatore Torquato identified the fairy circle patterns as "hyperuniform," a state often seen in substances whose semi-organized atomic structure puts them halfway between a crystal and a liquid.
Fourfield trials were conducted at Vicuña Experimental Center (3002' S, 7044' W)located in the Coquimbo Region, Chile, over four seasons, 2002-2003 to2005-2006, to determine the influence of 10 rootstocks (Freedom, Harmony, SaintGeorge, Salt Creek, SO4, 1613C, 1103P, 99R, 110R, 140Ru, as well as own rootsvines) on nutrient content in petioles of vars. Flame Seedless, ThompsonSeedless, Superior Seedless and Red Globe grapevines (Vitis viniferaL.). The trials took place at a site that had previously planted to vineyard.The experimental design was randomized complete block with four replicates.Petioles opposite to clusters were taken at bloom as samples and analyzed fortotal N, P and K content. Significant differences in nutrient levels due torootstocks were found in all varieties. Rootstocks increased the levels ofpetiole nutrients (except P) over the values usually reported in literature fortable grapes. Vines grafted onto the rootstock Salt Creek had significantlyhigher petiole N and P content than those on their own roots vines. Total Nlevel increased 67% in Flame Seedless, 77% in Red Globe, 33% in ThompsonSeedless and 8.5% in Superior Seedless. On the other hand, the petiole Plevel doubled in all varieties by using Salt Creek as rootstock. Potassium statuswas also affected by rootstocks. Harmony and 1613C showed higher K levelsby at least 60% in vars. Flame Seedless, Red Globe and Thompson Seedless ascompared to plants grown on their own roots. The present investigationdemonstrates that rootstocks may have a considerable effect on grapevinenutrition.
Thestudy was carried out during the growing seasons of 2002-2003 and 2005-2006 atthe Vicuña Experimental Center (3002 S; 7044 W) of the Instituto deInvestigaciones Agropecuarias INIA, located in the city of Vicuña, CoquimboRegion. Research was carried out in a loamy Entisol soil of alluvial origin,with flat topography and moderate depth of over 100 cm. The assays included the vars. Flame Seedless, Thompson Seedless, Superior Seedless and RedGlobe, grafted onto the rootstocks Freedom, Harmony, Saint George, Salt Creek,SO4, 1613C, 1103P, 99R, 110R and 140Ru, which were compared to plants grown ontheir own roots (control). The Red Globe trial had fewer rootstocks comparisonsdue to the failure of vines grafted onto SO4. Vine loss with this rootstockoccurred in the nursery and in the field during the growing season afterplanting; replant on the same rootstock combination also die.
Theplants were grafted using the Omega grafting technique, which consists ofjoining cuttings of the rootstock and the variety by means of a cut made by agrafting machine. The plants were developed in the Rinconada Chile nursery,located in the city of Ovalle, Coquimbo Region, and were then planted in anoverhead trellis system at a distance of 3 x 3 m. Standard cultural practices were employed throughout the period of the study for all of thevarieties. Drip irrigation was employed and the fertilization program consistedof applications of N, P2O5 and K2O (90, 50, 70 kg ha-1) by means of fertigation in the spring and early summer.
Thenutrient levels in petioles considered as normal in samples collected atflowering vary between 0.8% and 1.1% for total N, 0.2% and 0.5% for P, and 1.4%and 2.5% for K (adapted from Robinson, 2005). The highest total N content(1.22%) was reached in plants grafted onto Salt Creek. In contrast, theplants without grafting showed the lowest values (0.73%). The two values wererespectively above and below the range considered adequate for total N. Theother combinations were within the normal range. Salt Creek also had thehighest P content, approximately three times that of the control plants.Freedom and the plants without grafting registered P levels in the petiolesthat had statistically similar values and were the only treatments with valuesbelow the adequate range. The lowest K levels were with 110R and 1103P,both values below the minimal value of 1.4%. Harmony had the highest Kcontent (3.27%).
Thehigher N and P contents in the Thompson Seedless plants were similar to theresponse of the var. Flame Seedless. Significantly higher N and P values wereobtained with the rootstock Salt Creek compared to the other treatments. Thecombination with Freedom was the only one that had a content level below theminimum. All the combinations presented normal K contents except 1613C, whichwas slightly above the adequate maximum at 2.55%.
TotalN and P levels below the minimal level were registered in the petioles ofplants of Superior grafted onto Harmony. The same occurred with SO4 fortotal N content. On the other hand, and coinciding with the vars. FlameSeedless and Thompson Seedless, the highest percentages of N and P wereobtained in plants on Salt Creek, although 110R also had a similar Pcontent to that of Salt Creek. In relation to K, none of the rootstocks usedin the assay exceeded the value of the own roots plants, although all of themreached normal levels.
Thevars. Red Globe and Flame Seedless, both with red fruit, had similar responsesin relation to the effect of the rootstocks on nutrient content in thepetioles. Red Globe plants grafted onto Salt Creek had the highest total Nand P values. The highest K value was obtained with Harmony. Salt Creek andHarmony doubled the percentages of P and K, respectively, in comparison tocontrol plants.
Thisstudy showed that rootstocks exercise an important influence on nutrient levelsin the studied varieties. The major part of the nutrient contents in thepetioles was below or in the adequate range, in accordance with the informationadapted from Robinson (2005). There were exceptions with the control plantswithout grafting, which had a N content below the minimum range in the vars.Flame Seedless and Red Globe. The same occurred with Harmony and SO4 inSuperior Seedless. Likewise, low P content was found with the rootstocksFreedom in the vars. Flame Seedless and Thompson Seedless, and the rootstockHarmony in the var. Superior. K values below the adequate limit were obtainedonly in the vars. Flame Seedless and Thompson Seedless, particularly with thegroup of rootstocks composed of 99R, 110R, 1103P and SO4.
Theinfluence of the rootstocks on N content in the petioles was significant,especially when comparing plants on their own roots to those on the rootstocks.As well, differences were evident with respect to N content in the controlplants. In the white grape varieties Thompson Seedless and Superior, thecontrol plants showed levels within the adequate range, while the red grapevarieties Flame Seedless and Red Globe had levels below the range consideredoptimal. Thus, Flame Seedless and Red Globe were comparatively low in totalN when grown on their own roots. However, the majority of the rootstockssignificantly increased N content in these varieties.
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