This is currently not supported. I think the following should work
<script type="text/x-mathjax-config">
MathJax.Hub.Register.StartupHook("TeX AMSmath Ready", function() {
MathJax.InputJax.TeX.Definitions.Add({
macros: {
setCounter: "setCounter"
}
}, null, true);
MathJax.InputJax.TeX.Parse.Augment({
setCounter: function(name) {
var num = parseInt(this.GetArgument(name));
MathJax.Extension["TeX/AMSmath"].number = num;
}
});
});
</script>
BEFORE MathJax.js is loaded. (Or add the contents to an existing configuration script.
Then you can use \setcounter{0} to reset (or set to any number).