Hollow bead is a term for linear porosity which occurs
in the root pass of an open root weld.
The parameters which affect the
formation of hollow bead are,
a.
High levels of welding current and
travel speed were found to have a major influence on
Hollow
bead. It could be also due to arc gap.
b. The hydrogen gas rejected by the
saturated liquid ahead of the solid liquid interface accumulates in one single
gas
bubble, which is enclosed by columnar grains growing parallel (linear pore)
to the welding direction.
Hence, control the hollow bead
defect by
1. Controlling the welding current and travel speed.
2. Reduce the arc gap by increasing the tugsten extension from the ceramic cup by 1 to 2 mm.