I installed Ubuntu in the VMware player. You just right click, and click "Change Desktop Background", and click "all setting" at upper left corner. Click "Displays" and change the resolution to 2560 by 1600.
I had the same issue trying to play a Windows XP virtual machine on Windows 10. I somewhat solved it by going to the control panel, then display, then changing the settings. I'm using 1440x900 which shows a little black on the sides and requires me to scroll down to see the bottom, but it's better than looking at a very small VM screen.
Yes, it's possible to use vmware player as a service for Linux (there's a separate answer for Windows); it's easy and there's no reason I can think of not to do it. It's especially great for hosting a headless server from a headless server.
The other VMware-oriented choice, VMware Server, is deprecated and the only other $0 choice I know of is VirtualBox. If you like that better than VMWare Player, more power to you, but I know VMWare Player and I don't see a reason not to use a well-supported path to get what I want.
To answer my own question: After upgrading cinamon and vmware client to the newest version all works fine. Only a small loss of performance compared to native.
And vmware player is free for private use.
I do not understand why it works directly after installing the VM and then it does not work anymore after restarting the machine ( after the restart I have the vmware-tools script in the /etc/init.d/ folder )
But I still have the problem that it does not work anymore if I restart the computer (without doing anything after the installation only direct reboot) and as you see in my Question I cant get it to run.
Ive been using players up-till 16 until recently, so i was rather use to that, until i installed another ha-os in Vmware on debian, then i ended up in same situation as you, used to install Player 16, with no issues, but 17 !?, Well eventually i found that brilliant detailed instruction
Please mark the post with the Url, as Solution, so other people will have easier to find it