Cnc First Decade

[Telly Piatt]

Anyperiod of ten years is a "decade".[1] For example, the statement that "during his last decade, Mozart explored chromatic harmony to a degree rare at the time" merely refers to the last ten years of Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart's life without regard to which calendar years are encompassed. Also, 'the first decade' of a person's life begins on the day of their birth and ends at the end of their 10th year of life when they have their 10th birthday; the second decade of life starts with their 11th year of life (during which one is typically still referred to as being "10") and ends at the end of their 20th year of life, on their 20th birthday; similarly, the third decade of life, when one is in one's twenties or 20s, starts with the 21st year of life, and so on, with subsequent decades of life similarly described by referencing the tens digit of one's age.

Referring to ten-year periods as decades in this way only became common in the late 19th century.[2] Particularly in the 20th century, 0-to-9 decades came to be referred to with associated nicknames, such as the "Roaring Twenties" (1920s), the "Warring Forties" (1940s), and the "Swinging Sixties" (1960s). This practice is occasionally also applied to decades of earlier centuries; for example, referencing the 1890s as the "Gay Nineties" or "Naughty Nineties".

Ten years after the first generation of genetically engineered (GE) varieties became commercially available, adoption of these varieties by U.S. farmers is widespread for major crops. Driven by farmers' expectations of higher yields, savings in management time, and lower pesticide costs, the adoption of corn, soybean, and cotton GE varieties has increased rapidly. Despite the benefits, however, environmental and consumer concerns may have limited acceptance of GE crops, particularly in Europe. This report focuses on GE crops and their adoption in the United States over the past 10 years. It examines the three major stakeholders of agricultural biotechnology and finds that (1) the pace of R&D activity by producers of GE seed (the seed firms and technology providers) has been rapid, (2) farmers have adopted some GE varieties widely and at a rapid rate and benefited from such adoption, and (3) the level of consumer concerns about foods that contain GE ingredients varies by country, with European consumers being most concerned.

In the introduction to Critical Race Theory: The Key Writings That Formed the Movement, Gary Peller, Neil Gotanda, Kendall Thomas, and I framed the development of Critical Race Theory (CRT) as a dialectical engagement with liberal race discourse and with Critical Legal Studies (CLS). We described this engagement as constituting a distinctively progressive intervention within liberal race theory and a race intervention within CLS. As neat as this sounds, it took almost a decade for these interventions to be fleshed out fully. Reflecting on the past ten years of CRT, this Article explores the course of these interventions from the personal perspective of an organizer and early participant of CRT. Looking forward, I offer some speculative and aspirational views about our future.

The needlework depicted on these early covers varies from one hemisphere to another, one century to another, and one technique to another. The craft traditions that were depicted on the covers represent a mere fraction of the wealth of material inside each issue. In fact, it was hard for me to tear myself away from the pages: I kept bookmarking and making lists of the tantalizing articles and the projects I plan to revisit right away.

It is my pleasure to take you on a stroll through the first decade of PieceWork magazine. I selected the Fall covers from each of the years from 1993 to 2002, because the first subscriber issue was published in Fall of 1993. The covers are a representation of some of the projects and the stories that warmed our hearts and inspired our creativity throughout those 10 years. I am eager to hear back from you about the stories and crafts that resonated with you from that time. Please write in and let me know.

Also, remember that if you are an active subscriber to PieceWork magazine, you have unlimited access to previous issues, including these from the first decade. See our help center for the step-by-step process on how to access them.

In 1988, Sonic Death was one of the noisiest and most abstract tapes in my collection. Long out of print but uploaded to YouTube by fans, it registers in 2024 as a string of deliberately nerve-jangling instrumentals, spliced together with equally deliberate crudity. The rhythm picks up occasionally, but in these early days, the band seemed mostly focused on letting detuned strings sag and cymbals hiss and slosh.

The first Sonic Youth record I bought on CD \u2014 and the first one I bought more or less upon release \u2014 was Daydream Nation, which was released by Blast First in the UK and Enigma in the US in October 1988. It struck me immediately as bigger than Sister, and not just because it was a 70-minute CD with 12 songs, many of them more than seven minutes long each. The band was stretching out, letting tracks end with long passages of intertwining guitar. It also sounded fuller, more like a conventional rock record. The first two songs, \u201CTeen Age Riot\u201D and \u201CSilver Rocket,\u201D lauched out of the speakers at your face, and \u201C\u2019Cross the Breeze\u201D had some charging, grinding riffs almost worthy of Metallica. \u201CCandle\u201D and \u201CTotal Trash\u201D were thundering rock anthems, and the 14-minute \u201CThe Wonder/Hyperstation/Eliminator Jr.\u201D trilogy that closed out the disc was a cathartic sustained explosion. The importance of former hardcore punk drummer Shelley to the band\u2019s best albums really can\u2019t be overstated, and the way he drives the Daydream Nation material is amazing. He was one of the best drummers in \u201980s underground rock, period.

In recent years, Sonic Youth (mostly Steve Shelley, I think, but with input from other former members) have been putting their early catalog up on Bandcamp, and augmenting the canonical releases with a slew of live recordings, rarities compilations, and whatnot. In January, they reissued Walls Have Ears, a live \u201Cofficial bootleg\u201D capturing portions of three 1985 UK gigs that was originally released by the Blast First label, then quickly withdrawn.

It\u2019s an extraordinarily forceful document. Those who think of Kim Gordon as a deadpan post-Nico reciter of inscrutable poetry will be shocked by her wrathful delivery on \u201CBrother James,\u201D as the band pounds a clanging, deconstructivist riff into the floor. And the nearly 10-minute version of \u201CExpressway to Yr. Skull\u201D that comes a few songs later is absolutely monumental, wavering and rumbling with her bass huge in the mix as the guitars slowly fall to earth around her. The somewhat crude recording and raw performances \u2014 Moore and Ranaldo can be heard complaining about feedback in the microphones, and the lack of guitar in the monitors, between tracks \u2014 make the whole thing even more compelling. Based on this evidence, Sonic Youth was an incredible live force in the mid \u201980s, and I wish I was just a few years older, so I could have seen them.

Their Bandcamp page offers more than a dozen other live recordings from between 1983 and 1989, many of them previously unreleased. There are a bunch more from the \u201990s and 2000s, too, but to me Sonic Youth are an \u201980s band; their later material just doesn\u2019t have the juice that the work they did in their first decade has in abundance.

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In the late 1950s, the by-product radiation from synchrotrons was first used in X-ray spectroscopy experiments. Free-electron lasers (FELs) were developed in the 1970s, but the first proposal to build an X-ray FEL (XFEL) came in 1992. From there, it took well over a decade until the first hard XFEL started operation in 2009, marking the beginning of a new era of X-ray science.

If you've never seen Dave talk about how nobody would publish his paper on how CISC was never going to work for SoCs, and so he invented RISC, then I recommend reading the 50 Years of Computer Architecture posts above, which also makes up a large part of his (along with Hennessy's) Turing Award acceptance. RISC has been so successful that since the RISC-1 there has never been a single new complex instruction set. Plus, if you know how a modern out-of-order CISC processor (such as IBM z-series or x86) works under the hood, you already know that the complex instructions are decoded into RISC instructions and then handled with the same basic RISC approach.

RISC-V had its roots in two programs at Berkeley looking at computer architecture, called Par Lab (the Parallel Computing Laboratory) and RAMP (Research Accelerator for Multiple Processors). They considered SPARC but 32-bit was open however 64-bit was not. Next choice, OpenRISC but again it was only 32-bit. Arm and x86 were impractical due to licensing. So they decided to create their own instruction set. The email that kicked off the project was dated May 18, 2010, so that is the birthday of RISC-V, although it didn't get that name until six weeks later.

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