Tulasi Novel

[Telly Piatt]

Sridherwas a self made millionaire, working as one of the directors of a multi national company. He was happily married to Sharada and lives in a peaceful neighborhood of Hyderabad. His younger sister Anita and Sharada's mute brother Narayana Rao stay with them. Approximately eight years after their marriage, Sharada conceives and immediately after that Sridher loses his ability to beget a child after an accident. They name their daughter Tulasi and raise her with utmost affection. When Tulasi was six years old, Sridher saves his employer, Richard's grandchild from a fatal accident. Richard later leaves India and arranges that Tulsi will get twenty lakhs (two million rupees) on her tenth birthday. His will says that if she dies before that, money would go to an orphanage run by Chidananda Swami.

Sridher's company plans to send him along with his family to Paris to help their business there and Sridher happily agrees. Minutes before their departure, Tulasi suddenly becomes ill, postponing their journey. Later that night, she starts to show strange symptoms, indefinitely postponing their tour. It all happens when she was about to turn ten in two months. She shows varying symptoms everyday, puzzling experienced physicians. Their family members resort to various conventional and non conventional methods to save her while doctors are attempting their best. Finally, Sharada turns to a famous hypnotist Jayadev whereas Sridher turns to Santhaan Fakir, a paranormal expert. They both try their best to save Tulasi whereas Anita decides to go in a completely different way. In the climax, Sridher goes to Odissa along with his engineer Brahmin and his lawyer Vidyapathi to stop the evil Kadra, while Sharada and Jayadev stay with her to protect her from receiving evil hypnotic signals. Climax deals with whether they succeeded in saving Tulasi and by what means they save her.

Tulasi Dalam gained wide popularity and acclaim when it was published as a weekly serial. It helped Yandamuri to establish himself as a professional writer. Though many critics panned it saying that it was helping to re-popularize the forgotten superstitions regarding witchcraft, it remained as one of the best selling novels in Telugu literature.

Tulasi Dalam was made into a soap in 1999-2000, aired on Gemini TV. It was directed by Yandamuri and also received many awards including Nandi Award.It was also adopted in a daily soap aired on Star Maa but it was not as successful because the makers lost the natural and organic base of the plot.

N2 - Obesity has become a global epidemic due to increase in sedentary lifestyle and calorie intake. In addition to increased BMI, obese patients display a persistent, low-grade inflammatory response known as "metabolic inflammation." This metabolic inflammation is linked to several diseases, including heart diseases, non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD), type 2 diabetes as well as inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). The focus of this thesis is to understand the mechanism underlying these metabolic inflammatory processes with a goal to identify novel and safe therapeutic approaches. One of the main mechanisms responsible for this metabolic inflammatory response is the disturbed cholesterol metabolism in macrophages, which are immune cells that kill and clear pathogens. This thesis tested small-molecule compounds that help improve cholesterol metabolism in macrophages and thereby reduce inflammation using several mice models. In addition, this thesis also discussed the importance of non-pharmacological stress-reduction strategies in reducing inflammation and improving quality of life in these patients.

AB - Obesity has become a global epidemic due to increase in sedentary lifestyle and calorie intake. In addition to increased BMI, obese patients display a persistent, low-grade inflammatory response known as "metabolic inflammation." This metabolic inflammation is linked to several diseases, including heart diseases, non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD), type 2 diabetes as well as inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). The focus of this thesis is to understand the mechanism underlying these metabolic inflammatory processes with a goal to identify novel and safe therapeutic approaches. One of the main mechanisms responsible for this metabolic inflammatory response is the disturbed cholesterol metabolism in macrophages, which are immune cells that kill and clear pathogens. This thesis tested small-molecule compounds that help improve cholesterol metabolism in macrophages and thereby reduce inflammation using several mice models. In addition, this thesis also discussed the importance of non-pharmacological stress-reduction strategies in reducing inflammation and improving quality of life in these patients.

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Background: No practical tests are currently available for screening vitamin B12 deficiency because the available techniques are invasive, expensive, and require a particular level of infrastructure and service that is not available in all places such as rural areas. Thus, we have examined the efficacy of a novel method (Karanth's test) for identifying people with vitamin B12 deficiency as part of a pilot study.

Methods: An observer-blind study was conducted on 83 consenting patients from a tertiary teaching hospital whose blood was drawn for estimation of serum vitamin B12 over a 2-month period. All of these patients completed the study. In the Karanth's test, the skin color tone is measured at the interphalangeal joint and the phalanx using the Von Luschan skin tone chart. The test result is obtained from differences in the values obtained. This test was performed on the day blood was drawn to measure the serum vitamin B12 levels in the study patients and on every day until discharge for patients tested to be deficient.

Results: Of the 83 patient subjects, 20 showed deficient vitamin B12 levels in the blood test. The Karanth's test readings were significantly different for patients with normal and deficient levels of vitamin B12 (95 % CI, 0.838-2.153). ROC curve analysis suggested that a difference greater than 1.5 should be considered positive. The sensitivity and specificity of the test were determined to be 80 and 84.1 %, respectively. Patients were grouped further according to the Fitzpatrick scale. There were no type I, II or III patients and insufficient IV cases to determine sensitivity and specificity. Sensitivity and specificity were determined to be 57.1 and 94.6 % in type V and 92 and 63.6 % in type VI, respectively. We found that 87 % of our patients who tested positive had normal values on discharge.

This thesis deals with the scope and prospects of the novel technology for electrospray printing to process polymers for liquid filtration membrane applications. First, the ability to explore novel reaction media to tune polyamide properties was demonstrated. Aromatic polyamides for reverse osmosis membranes are made by interfacial polymerization. Conventionally, interfacial polymerization is an in situ polycondensation of a diamine and an acid chloride conducted on a porous support at the interface of two immiscible solvents. Using electrospray printing, different solvent media were used to print polyamides on to ultrafiltration support membranes. It was observed that polar protic solvents formed membranes with moderate to high rejections and polar aprotic solvents formed membranes with high permeance and low rejections. Membranes made with 50% v/v methanol aqueous mixture performed well with water permeance and salt rejection comparable to some reported interfacially synthesized polyamides. These results can be used to tailor polyamide properties for membranes for different liquid filtration applications. Second, this technique was used to process zwitterionic copolymer into ultra-thin membrane selective layers. Membranes made by electrospray printing had exceptionally high permeances of 205 LMH/bar whereas membranes made by the conventional process of solvent casting had permeances of 5.9 LMH/bar. These membranes exhibited rejections similar to the membranes made by the conventional methods. Third, the ability of additive electrospray printing was demonstrated to form composite membranes. An ultra-thin zwitterionic copolymer film with high permeability was printed as an anti-fouling coating on commercial membranes to increase their lifetime. However, the organic solvent-polyamide interaction reduced the permeance of these composite membranes. This was mitigated by a simple post-treatment washing step. This work describes the advantages of moving to electrospray printing for polymer processing for membrane applications.

Globally, breast cancer is the most frequently diagnosed cancer in women, with an estimated 281,550 new cases in the U.S.A in 2021. About 43,600 women in the U.S. are expected to die from the disease by the end of the year. Chemo- and radio-therapies, primarily, exert anti-tumor effects through the activation of apoptosis, or programmed cell death pathways. As many current therapies have severe side effects, and/or lose their effectiveness over time due to developed resistance, there is a need for novel agents that can improve patient outcomes including the quality and length of life. Ceramide-mimicking drugs have such potential. Ceramide, a bioactive sphingolipid, is a powerful tumor suppressor molecule that is thought to induce apoptosis and inhibit proliferation. As part of our ongoing efforts toward the development of a potent anti-cancer drug, ceramide analog 315, (S,E)-3-hydroxy-2-(2-hydroxybenzylidene)amino-N-tetradecylpropanamide, was synthesized. Ceramide analog 315 has been shown to induce apoptosis in vitro. In the present study, an attempt is made to determine the cell death pathway induced during the treatment of chemo-resistant breast cancer cells with this analog. The MCF-7TN-R cell line is a derivative of the MCF-7 cell line obtained after prolonged exposure to increasing concentrations of TNF-α. These chemo-resistant cells, 24 hours after plating, were treated with a 40 M solution of ceramide analog 315. Caspase 9 and cytochrome c Elisa assays were performed according to the vendor protocols. Cytochrome c and caspase 9 are believed to activate several pro-apoptotic proteins like APAF-1, BAX, and BCL-2, supporting the intrinsic or mitochondrial pathway. Caspase 9 and cytochrome c are both released from the mitochondrial intermembrane space, increasing the mitochondrial outer membrane permeability. Cytochrome c is a heme protein that, when released, binds to apoptotic protease activating factor 1 (APAF-1). APAF-1 then creates an apoptosome that acts as a platform for caspase 9 activation. Caspase 9, in turn, activates the cascade pathway and induces apoptosis. In this study, cytochrome c levels were shown to be decreased. Controls were found to have a concentration of 8.8 +/- 0.268 ng/mL, while treated cells had a concentration of 7.46 +/- 0.181 ng/mL, with a P value of less than .05. Caspase 9 levels were shown to be even more significantly decreased with controls having a concentration of 678,800 +/- 24,462 ng/mL, while treated cells had a concentration of 496,444 +/- 49,542 ng/mL, with a P value of less than 0.10.We further determined the protein level expression in these cells using microarrays, which revealed the upregulation of death receptors TNFR1, and TRAIL. Our findings help us in better understanding the mechanisms of action of ceramide-mimicking agents, and in working toward the development of strategies to improve the efficacy of anti-cancer drugs.

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