I think the application you are describing is a bit more complicated than your description indicates.
In a patient encounter system, you really need a single source of truth that tracks every biometric reading, every dosage of every medication -- basically everything done to the patient. As different machines, etc. are connected and disconnected, it's key that the proper patient encounter record be linked to that device to ensure everything is wired up properly.
Each device is going to have a varying level of timeliness, knowing the pulse of a patient two minutes ago may be useful post-mortem, but in the ER, a trend and current reading are critical -- they are many hard real-time requirements in that type of system and I can't say one way or another if a message bus built on top of MSMQ is the right solution to that problem.
Sorry I can't be more helpful, but urgent care is a complex area with a lot of legal implications - and without knowing all the facts and having the protection of an organization building such a solution, any recommendations would be inappropriate.