Cpa Network Script Nulled Cracking
Jorun Gyllenband
Some PowerShell code has been loaded into memory that scans/targets network shares. Leverage the available PowerShell logs to identify from which popular hacking tool this code derives. Answer format (one word): P____V___
Hey, I managed to solve this question. It was a bit tricky as it required something that was not mentioned in the module. You will want to pay close attention to logs that have a field powershell.file.script_block_text and look for anything network connected. Then just follow the hint ;))
I eventually figured out the solution. It was purely by accident and a bit of guesswork. From the solution, my advice is to pay attention to the previous question about mimikatz.exe. Mimikatze was used in the process of hacking. This is the only link I found between the solution and what was thought through the lesson. Also, Note that the earlier hint to analyze powershell.file.script_block_text. Note the winlog.event_id or process.id for mimikatz, and read through the script block.
hey, im working on hunt 3. any hints? i tried filtering using 4104, then down to host.hostname DC1, cant figure out what to do next. does this have anything to do with using zeek? ACTUALLY i got the answer but dont know how it is.
Hi there again, aspiring hackers (and veterans as well)! I'm going to explain how to perform a dictionary attack on a WPA/WPA2 protected network with Wifite. Please note that this doesn't work with WPA Enterprise For that end, you'd have to use an Evil Twin to get the "Enterprise" auth attempt, and then crack it.
In Kali, you have a nice wordlist that comes bundled within your installation/live usb. It's located in /usr/share/wordlists, but it comes compressed in .gz format (at least in the live version).
For any other distros, search for "download wordlist rockyou" or "download wordlist darkc0de", or just "download wordlist" in DuckDuckGo. It gives more precise results than Google for this kind of stuff.
In a live Kali boot, you are logged on by default with the root user. If you let it running for a while (while cracking with the dictionary, pressumably) and it asks for a password to return to the session, it's 'toor' (root backwards).
Same for BackTrack (confirmation needed), and for other distros you can gain root access by typing "su" or "sudo su" and entering the password. The first command requires you to know root's password, and the second your current account's and it must have root privileges.
If you have a laptop, you'll probably have to choose which adapter to use, if you have an external USB adapter. Please note that you'll need a compatible adapter that's able to inject packets and enter into promiscuous mode (monitor mode), or this won't work.
If prompted, we select our adapter choosing the number Wifite has assigned it. In my case, I'll type '1', because that's mine. One good indicator for knowing which one it is, is reading that name to the left of phy. For example, I have one that says 'usb' in it, and one that doesn't. And yep, I have it plugged to USB, so that one's it.
Now we'll see a list of wireless networks, and if we let it run, it will eventually display 'client' or 'clients' at the top right of the network info, showing that it has a client (or more) connected to it.
When it succeeds deauthenticating a client (who has re-connect enabled by default), or a new client connects to the network, hopefully it will capture the handshake, and it'll start attempting to crack it with aircrack-ng and the dictionary file you gave it.
If the passphrase is any of the words contained in that dictionary, it'll stop and show it on screen. Otherwise, it'll run through the whole dictionary, and say it couldn't find the key. But it has a nice success rate.
I used my country in lowercase letters as the passphrase (argentina), and as it's along the first words in this dictionary, it took only one second to crack it. For you it may take over an hour or two, depending on your processing power and if the passphrase is near the beginning or the end of the list.
Well, that's pretty much it. I hope you may find it helpful, but remember to look at OTW guides on Wireless cracking to know exactly what this script is doing, so you may tweak it furthermore or play with its options for more effectivity (type 'wifite --help' to see it's options).
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On April 30th, 2021, I rickrolled my high school district. Not just my school but the entirety of Township High School District 214. It is one of the largest high school district in Illinois, consisting of 6 different schools with over 11,000 enrolled students.
This story isn't one of those typical rickrolls where students sneak Rick Astley into presentations, talent shows, or Zoom calls. I did it by hijacking every networked display in every school to broadcast "Never Gonna Give You Up" in perfect synchronization. Whether it was a TV in a hall, a projector in a classroom, or a jumbotron displaying the lunch menu, as long as it was networked, I hacked it!
We prepared complete documentation of everything we did, including recommendations to remediate the vulnerabilities we discovered. We sent a comprehensive 26-page penetration test report to the D214 tech team and worked with them to help secure their network.
AvediaPlayers are small blue boxes that connect to projectors and TVs. They can send serial commands to their respective device to turn the display on/off, change inputs/volume, switch channels, etc. These receivers include both a web interface and an SSH server to execute the serial commands. Additionally, they run embedded Linux with BusyBox tools and use some obscure CPU architecture designed for IoT devices called ARC (Argonaut RISC Core).
Next, AvediaStream encoders connect to devices that broadcast live video. They encode the live feed coming from these devices to the AvediaPlayer receivers, which display the stream. Encoders are attached to computers that need to broadcast a stream, such as text carousels or morning announcements. These also have embedded software similar to the AvediaPlayers.
Last but not least, AvediaServers allow administrators to control all receivers and encoders at once. These have typical x86_64 processors and run the enterprise Linux distribution, CentOS. Like the receivers and encoders, they also have web interfaces and SSH servers.
Since freshman year, I had complete access to the IPTV system. I only messed around with it a few times and had plans for a senior prank, but it moved to the back of my mind and eventually went forgotten.
Fast forward to the second semester of senior year, early 2021: all the schools were doing hybrid instruction because of the COVID-19 pandemic. Up to this point, in-person instruction was opt-in, with most students staying remote, including myself. But in March, the superintendent announced that in-person instruction would switch to an opt-out model on April 5th.
Since almost all students would be back in school, I realized that a senior prank involving the IPTV system was now worthwhile. A few days later, I decided to share my thoughts with a few close friends.
The first thing we focused on was figuring out how to control all the projectors at once. While we could send commands to each receiver using a web interface, it would not be ideal spamming HTTP traffic to every receiver simultaneously.
Instead, I used the SSH access on each receiver as the command-and-control (C2) channel. I developed a simple shell script that would serve as a staged payload to be uploaded to each receiver ahead of time. This script contained various functions that could execute requests to the web interface locally on the receiver. Thanks to the increased flexibility from the payload, I could also back up and restore receiver settings to the filesystem after the rickroll was over.
In the actual payload, I repeatedly looped commands to keep the rickroll running. For example, every 10 seconds, the display would power on and set the maximum volume. This way, if someone attempted to power off the projector or mute it, it would revert and continue playing. The only way to shut it off would be to pull the plug or change the input source. (Looping input changes causes flashes even if the current source is the same as the latest source. I had to rely on a failsafe input switch that activated right before the rickroll started to ensure everyone was tuned in. You can see this flash in the video at the 48-second countdown.)
The vulnerabilities exploited to gain initial access were implementation-specific (meaning D214 was at fault for using default passwords). However, I discovered vendor privilege escalation vulnerabilities in all of Exterity's IPTV products, allowing me to gain root access across all systems. One of these bugs was a simple GTFO-bin, but the other two are novel vulnerabilities that I cannot (and should not) publish.
The next issue we tackled was setting up a custom video stream to play the rickroll in real-time. We needed to broadcast multicast traffic, but only the AvediaStream encoders or the AvediaServers could do this because of ACL restrictions.
Setting up the stream was arguably the most time-consuming part of preparation because testing was an absolute pain. I only needed a single projector for development, but it's not easy when classes are using them during the day.
So I tested at night instead! I would remotely connect to one of the PCs in the computer lab with the front camera facing the projector. Then, I would record a video to test if the projector displayed the stream correctly!
The lag you see in the video is one of the earlier issues I faced with the stream. It turned out trying to redirect UDP traffic through the AvediaStream encoders added too much latency. I fixed this by broadcasting to multicast directly from an AvediaServer using ffmpeg.
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