Gas Dynamics By E Rathakrishnan Pdf 14
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This revised and updated seventh edition continues to provide the most accessible and readable approach to the study of all the vital topics and issues associated with gas dynamic processes. At every stage, the physics governing the process, its applications and limitations are discussed in detail.
With a strong emphasis on the basic concepts and problem-solving skills, this text is suitable for a course on Gas Dynamics/Compressible Flows/High-speed Aerodynamics at both undergraduate and postgraduate levels in aerospace engineering, mechanical engineering, chemical engineering and applied physics. The elegant and concise style of the book along with illustrations and worked-out examples makes it eminently suitable for self-study by students and also for scientists and engineers working in the field of gas dynamics in industries and research laboratories. The computer program to calculate the coordinates of contoured nozzle, with the method of characteristics, has been given in C-language. The program listing along with a sample output is given in the Appendix.
Ethirajan Rathakrishnan Ph.D., is Professor of Aerospace Engineering at the Indian Institute of Technology Kanpur. He is well-known internationally for his research in the area of high-speed jets. The limit for the passive control of jets, called Rathakrishnan Limit, is the contribution to the field of jet research. The concept of breathing blunt nose (BBN), which reduces the positive pressure at the nose and increases the positive pressure at the base simultaneously, is his contribution to drag reduction at hypersonic speeds. He has published a large number of research articles in many reputed international journals. He is a Fellow of many professional societies, including the Royal Aeronautical Society.
Professor Rathakrishnan serves as the Editor-in-Chief of the International Review of Aerospace Engineering (IREASE) and International Review of Mechanical Engineering (IREME) journals. He has authored eleven books including Fundamentals of Engineering Thermodynamics (2nd ed), Helicopter Aerodynamics and Fluid Mechanics: An Introduction (3rd ed), published by PHI Learning, Delhi
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CD1 immunoreceptors are a non-classical major histocompatibility complex (MHC) that present antigens to T cells to elucidate immune responses against disease. The antigen repertoire of CD1 has been composed primarily of lipids until recently when CD1d-restricted T cells were shown to be activated by non-lipidic small molecules, such as phenyl pentamethyl dihydrobenzofuran sulfonate (PPBF) and related benzofuran sulfonates. To date structural insights into PPBF/CD1d interactions are lacking, so it is unknown whether small molecule and lipid antigens are presented and recognized through similar mechanisms. Furthermore, it is unknown whether CD1d can bind to and present a broader range of small molecule metabolites to T cells, acting out functions analogous to the MHC class I related protein MR1. Here, we perform in silico docking and molecular dynamics simulations to structurally characterize small molecule interactions with CD1d. PPBF was supported to be presented to T cell receptors through the CD1d F' pocket. Virtual screening of CD1d against more than 17,000 small molecules with diverse geometry and chemistry identified several novel scaffolds, including phytosterols, cholesterols, triterpenes, and carbazole alkaloids, that serve as candidate CD1d antigens. Protein-ligand interaction profiling revealed conserved residues in the CD1d F' pocket that similarly anchor small molecules and lipids. Our results suggest that CD1d could have the intrinsic ability to bind and present a broad range of small molecule metabolites to T cells to carry out its function beyond lipid antigen presentation.Communicated by Ramaswamy H. Sarma.
Applied Gas Dynamics is aimed at graduate students and advanced undergraduates in Aerospace Engineering and Mechanical Engineering who are taking courses such as Gas Dynamics, Compressible Flows, High-Speed Aerodynamics, Applied Gas Dynamics, Experimental Aerodynamics and High-Enthalpy Flows. Practicing engineers and researchers working with high speed flows will also find this book helpful.
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