static ip address and ifconfig

[Fbsd8]

I don't have static ip address so I can not find out for myself.
Lets say I am a company that my ISP has assigned us
25 static ip address.

When I issue the ifconfig command what will it show me?

Just the single primary static ip address or all 25 of them in a list?

Thanks
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[Mike Jeays]

It will just show the one currently assigned.

Try it - just bring up an xterm and type 'ifconfig' You don't have to
be root, and you can't do any harm.


em0: flags=8843<UP,BROADCAST,RUNNING,SIMPLEX,MULTICAST> metric 0 mtu 1500
options=9b<RXCSUM,TXCSUM,VLAN_MTU,VLAN_HWTAGGING,VLAN_HWCSUM>
ether 08:00:27:40:ca:a9
inet 10.0.2.15 netmask 0xffffff00 broadcast 10.0.2.255 # HERE IT IS
media: Ethernet autoselect (1000baseT <full-duplex>)
status: active
lo0: flags=8049<UP,LOOPBACK,RUNNING,MULTICAST> metric 0 mtu 16384
options=3<RXCSUM,TXCSUM>
inet6 fe80::1%lo0 prefixlen 64 scopeid 0x2
inet6 ::1 prefixlen 128
inet 127.0.0.1 netmask 0xff000000
nd6 options=3<PERFORMNUD,ACCEPT_RTADV>

[Fbsd8]

Mike Jeays wrote:
> On Sat, 29 Dec 2012 12:13:32 -0500
> Fbsd8 <fb...@a1poweruser.com> wrote:
>
>> I don't have static ip address so I can not find out for myself.
>> Lets say I am a company that my ISP has assigned us
>> 25 static ip address.
>>
>> When I issue the ifconfig command what will it show me?
>>
>> Just the single primary static ip address or all 25 of them in a list?
>>
>> Thanks
>> _______________________________________________
>

> It will just show the one currently assigned.
>
> Try it - just bring up an xterm and type 'ifconfig' You don't have to
> be root, and you can't do any harm.
>
>
> em0: flags=8843<UP,BROADCAST,RUNNING,SIMPLEX,MULTICAST> metric 0 mtu 1500
> options=9b<RXCSUM,TXCSUM,VLAN_MTU,VLAN_HWTAGGING,VLAN_HWCSUM>
> ether 08:00:27:40:ca:a9
> inet 10.0.2.15 netmask 0xffffff00 broadcast 10.0.2.255 # HERE IT IS
> media: Ethernet autoselect (1000baseT <full-duplex>)
> status: active
>

Nope 10.0.2.15 is a private lan IP address, its not public routable.
question has to be answered by some body who has multiple static public
routable ip address assigned by their ISP.

[Polytropon]

On Sat, 29 Dec 2012 13:05:30 -0500, Fbsd8 wrote:
> Mike Jeays wrote:
> > On Sat, 29 Dec 2012 12:13:32 -0500
> > Fbsd8 <fb...@a1poweruser.com> wrote:
> >
> >> I don't have static ip address so I can not find out for myself.
> >> Lets say I am a company that my ISP has assigned us
> >> 25 static ip address.
> >>
> >> When I issue the ifconfig command what will it show me?
> >>
> >> Just the single primary static ip address or all 25 of them in a list?
> >>
> >> Thanks
> >> _______________________________________________
> >
> > It will just show the one currently assigned.
> >
> > Try it - just bring up an xterm and type 'ifconfig' You don't have to
> > be root, and you can't do any harm.
> >
> >
> > em0: flags=8843<UP,BROADCAST,RUNNING,SIMPLEX,MULTICAST> metric 0 mtu 1500
> > options=9b<RXCSUM,TXCSUM,VLAN_MTU,VLAN_HWTAGGING,VLAN_HWCSUM>
> > ether 08:00:27:40:ca:a9
> > inet 10.0.2.15 netmask 0xffffff00 broadcast 10.0.2.255 # HERE IT IS
> > media: Ethernet autoselect (1000baseT <full-duplex>)
> > status: active
> >
>
> Nope 10.0.2.15 is a private lan IP address, its not public routable.
> question has to be answered by some body who has multiple static public
> routable ip address assigned by their ISP.

The presented example simply shows a typical ifconfig output.
On the "inet" line, you can see the assigned IP addresses.
As per definition, one interface can be assigned more than
one IP address, and maybe those will show in the ifconfig
output - however, this depends on your actual setup, for
example when you have specific network gear that "translates"
one or more static IP addresses into local addresses that
are _then_ assigned to individual network interfaces.

However, at my old location I had assigned one static IP
address directly delivered to the NIC, and ifconfig did
show exactly that address.

Simply try "ifconfig" and show what it prints for YOU.




--
Polytropon
Magdeburg, Germany
Happy FreeBSD user since 4.0
Andra moi ennepe, Mousa, ...

[Fbsd8]

Yes I understand all that, but lets go deeper into difference between
static and dynamic ip address assigned by the ISP.

For anyone being a professional company who wants permanent presents on
the internet will pay extra fees for static ip
address because static ip address never change and this is required for
domain name registration. Dynamic ip address are normally assigned by the
ISP for home users having dsl or tv cable internet connections. Dynamic
ip address can change and if used for domain name registration the users
FQDN will no longer point to the correct host.

Now to return to the original question.
Say I am a professional company and my ISP assigned me 25 static ip address.
What will ifconfig show me on the interface facing the public internet?

Just the single primary static ip address or all 25 of them in a list?

[Polytropon]

On Sat, 29 Dec 2012 13:45:53 -0500, Fbsd8 wrote:
> For anyone being a professional company who wants permanent presents on
> the internet will pay extra fees for static ip
> address because static ip address never change and this is required for
> domain name registration. Dynamic ip address are normally assigned by the
> ISP for home users having dsl or tv cable internet connections. Dynamic
> ip address can change and if used for domain name registration the users
> FQDN will no longer point to the correct host.

Correct.

> Now to return to the original question.
> Say I am a professional company and my ISP assigned me 25 static ip address.
> What will ifconfig show me on the interface facing the public internet?
> Just the single primary static ip address or all 25 of them in a list?

If all 25 IP addresses are configured to be provided "through"
the one network connection (either directly by ethernet port
or through some kind of DSL modem), the interface would show
all 25 addresses, like this:

xl0: flags=8843<UP,BROADCAST,RUNNING,SIMPLEX,MULTICAST> metric 0 mtu 1500
options=80008<VLAN_MTU,LINKSTATE>
ether 01:23:45:67:89:ff
inet 123.456.789.1 netmask 0xffffff00 broadcast 123.456.789.255
inet 123.456.789.2 netmask 0xffffff00 broadcast 123.456.789.255
inet 123.456.789.3 netmask 0xffffff00 broadcast 123.456.789.255
inet 123.456.789.4 netmask 0xffffff00 broadcast 123.456.789.255
inet 123.456.789.5 netmask 0xffffff00 broadcast 123.456.789.255
inet 123.456.789.6 netmask 0xffffff00 broadcast 123.456.789.255
inet 123.456.789.7 netmask 0xffffff00 broadcast 123.456.789.255
[...]
inet 123.456.789.21 netmask 0xffffff00 broadcast 123.456.789.255
inet 123.456.789.22 netmask 0xffffff00 broadcast 123.456.789.255
inet 123.456.789.23 netmask 0xffffff00 broadcast 123.456.789.255
inet 123.456.789.24 netmask 0xffffff00 broadcast 123.456.789.255
inet 123.456.789.25 netmask 0xffffff00 broadcast 123.456.789.255
media: Ethernet autoselect (100baseTX <full-duplex>)
status: active

However, I've not seen that in reality. :-)

--
Polytropon
Magdeburg, Germany
Happy FreeBSD user since 4.0
Andra moi ennepe, Mousa, ...

[Fbsd8]

>>Mikel King wrote:
>> It will show you each IP address you have successfully bound
>> to the interface. Using static IP addresses; the choice is yours
>> on which get bound to the interface and which do not where as
>> with DHCP the one chosen by the provider is assigned.
>>
>> If you bind only one then that is what it will show you.

>>
>Polytropon wrote:
>If all 25 IP addresses are configured to be provided "through"
>the one network connection (either directly by ethernet port
>or through some kind of DSL modem), the interface would show
>all 25 addresses, like this:
>
>xl0: flags=8843<UP,BROADCAST,RUNNING,SIMPLEX,MULTICAST> metric 0 mtu >1500
> options=80008<VLAN_MTU,LINKSTATE>
> ether 01:23:45:67:89:ff
> inet 123.456.789.1 netmask 0xffffff00 broadcast 123.456.789.255
> inet 123.456.789.2 netmask 0xffffff00 broadcast 123.456.789.255
> inet 123.456.789.3 netmask 0xffffff00 broadcast 123.456.789.255
> inet 123.456.789.4 netmask 0xffffff00 broadcast 123.456.789.255
> inet 123.456.789.5 netmask 0xffffff00 broadcast 123.456.789.255
> inet 123.456.789.6 netmask 0xffffff00 broadcast 123.456.789.255

> snip same line for rest of 25 ip's

>
> However, I've not seen that in reality. :-)

OK now were getting closer to real understanding of what is happening.
Your both imply that there is some way to control which static ip
address the ISP will forward to my NIC facing the public internet.
This is the meat of the my question. How is this done?
My host just has ifconfig_xl0="DHCP" in rc.conf and xl0 is the NIC
connected to public internet connection coming from my ISP.

[Mikel King]

It will show you each IP address you have successfully bound to the interface. Using static IP addresses; the choice is yours on which get bound to the interface and which do not where as with DHCP the one chosen by the provider is assigned.

If you bind only one then that is what it will show you.

Regards,
Mikel King
Senior Editor, BSD News
http://bsdnews.net

On Dec 29, 2012, at 1:16 PM, Polytropon <fre...@edvax.de> wrote:

> On Sat, 29 Dec 2012 13:05:30 -0500, Fbsd8 wrote:
>> Mike Jeays wrote:
>>> On Sat, 29 Dec 2012 12:13:32 -0500
>>> Fbsd8 <fb...@a1poweruser.com> wrote:
>>>
>>>> I don't have static ip address so I can not find out for myself.
>>>> Lets say I am a company that my ISP has assigned us
>>>> 25 static ip address.
>>>>
>>>> When I issue the ifconfig command what will it show me?
>>>>

>>>> Just the single primary static ip address or all 25 of them in a list?
>>>>

> --
> Polytropon
> Magdeburg, Germany
> Happy FreeBSD user since 4.0
> Andra moi ennepe, Mousa, ...

[dweimer]

On 2012-12-29 12:45, Fbsd8 wrote:

> Yes I understand all that, but lets go deeper into difference between
> static and dynamic ip address assigned by the ISP.
>

> For anyone being a professional company who wants permanent presents
> on the internet will pay extra fees for static ip
> address because static ip address never change and this is required
> for
> domain name registration. Dynamic ip address are normally assigned by
> the
> ISP for home users having dsl or tv cable internet connections.
> Dynamic
> ip address can change and if used for domain name registration the
> users
> FQDN will no longer point to the correct host.
>

> Now to return to the original question.
> Say I am a professional company and my ISP assigned me 25 static ip
> address.
> What will ifconfig show me on the interface facing the public
> internet?

> Just the single primary static ip address or all 25 of them in a
> list?
>
>

> _______________________________________________
> freebsd-...@freebsd.org mailing list
> http://lists.freebsd.org/mailman/listinfo/freebsd-questions
> To unsubscribe, send any mail to
> "freebsd-questi...@freebsd.org"

It still all depends on your configuration, it won't look any different
than a static private IP address shows when doing an ifconfig except it
will be the public IP. Generally if you have a static IP you will have
to set it manually, and it won't get it via DHCP. But I have worked
with some DSL connections though that assigned the static IP through a
DHCP reservation based on your modem/routers MAC address. However that
would only work for a single IP. If you get 25, you can assign those
with aliases to make a single server answer on the others as well,
common for servers hosting multiple https web sites.

Here's an example with Aliases, its from a LAN with private range, but
would look no different except IPs if it was public range addresses.
This is from my web/email server (the very one this message comes from),
the secondary IP is for running jails, when testing upgrades.

LAN: flags=8843<UP,BROADCAST,RUNNING,SIMPLEX,MULTICAST> metric 0 mtu
9000

options=209b<RXCSUM,TXCSUM,VLAN_MTU,VLAN_HWTAGGING,VLAN_HWCSUM,WOL_MAGIC>
ether 00:07:e9:09:be:4f
inet 192.168.5.1 netmask 0xffffff00 broadcast 192.168.5.255
inet 192.168.5.21 netmask 0xffffff00 broadcast 192.168.5.255
nd6 options=29<PERFORMNUD,IFDISABLED,AUTO_LINKLOCAL>

media: Ethernet autoselect (1000baseT <full-duplex>)
status: active

Here's an example from a public range, pulled this from my pfSense box,
which is on a Cable Connection with a block of 5 static IP Addresses.

vr1: flags=8843<UP,BROADCAST,RUNNING,SIMPLEX,MULTICAST> metric 0 mtu
1500
options=8280b<RXCSUM,TXCSUM,VLAN_MTU,WOL_UCAST,WOL_MAGIC,LINKSTATE>
ether 00:0d:b9:1c:78:2d
inet 24.240.198.186 netmask 0xfffffff8 broadcast 24.240.198.191
inet6 fe80::20d:b9ff:fe1c:782d%vr1 prefixlen 64 scopeid 0x2
nd6 options=43<PERFORMNUD,ACCEPT_RTADV>

media: Ethernet autoselect (100baseTX <full-duplex>)
status: active

There's just a single IP set, though it does relay connections on other
IPs, using proxy arp to do this so there is no need for an alias to be
defined.

--
Thanks,
Dean E. Weimer
http://www.dweimer.net/

[Chris Hill]

On Sat, 29 Dec 2012, Fbsd8 wrote:

[ ... ]

> My host just has ifconfig_xl0="DHCP" in rc.conf and xl0 is the NIC
> connected to public internet connection coming from my ISP.

In that case, you are not using static IPs. If your ISP has assigned you
- as in Poly's example - 123.456.789.1 through 123.456.789.25, then
those addresses are for your use to assign as you see fit. You would
configure this machine's interface for any address in that block. You
can then configure the same interface for more than one of those, or use
your extra IPs for other machines (or interfaces). Instead of
ifconfig_xl0="DHCP" in rc.conf, you might have
ifconfig_xl0="123.456.789.16 255.255.255.128" or some such.

HTH.

--
Chris Hill ch...@monochrome.org
** [ Busy Expunging </> ]

[Fbsd8]

snip previous

So your saying the ISP forwards any internet traffic for those static ip
address to the on site "modem/router" MAC address which my service was
previsioned to?

The ISP is sending DNS port 53 and DHCP port 67 traffic on each static
ip address as well?

I can configure the on site modem/router to assign selected static ip
address to a router's hardware port which is cabled to different PC's?

The PC's would only be seeing traffic for that selected static ip address?

The rc.config statement ifconfig_xl0="DHCP" on that PC would function as
exspected?


Now if I only had a on site "modem" with a single output port, then
all the static ip address would hit the NIC card it was cabled to?

So on the single FreeBSD system with NIC xl0 being cabled to the single
port coming from the on site modem I would need ifconfig statements in
rc.conf to select what static ip address I want to use for DHCP to
automatically get the ISP's DSN ip address? Please correct my syntax if
wrong
ifconfig_xl0="DHCP,24.240.xxx.186"

If I wanted to use the remaining static ip address for other PC's on my
private LAN I would have to have additional ifconfig statements in rc.conf?
ifconfig_xl0="alias,24.240.xxx.187,24.240.xxx.188,24.240.xxx.189"
or would I need a single statement for each alias? Please correct my
syntax if wrong.

I would also have to configure my firewall to redirect those alias
static ip address to the LAN ip address of the servers I want to target?

For some of the remaining static ip address i have not used yet, I would
like to use them for jails. Using the jail option to provide the
interface name to bound to which automatically creates an alias for the
jails ip address at jail start time and also removes it when the jail
stopped. I can do this by creating the jail using one of the unused
static ip address?

[Mikel King]

Well generally DHCP and static are mutually exclusive on the same interface. Also bear in mind that DHCP is more comprehensive than a simple address assignment system. In addition a static reservation is not the same thing as a static IP address assignment on an interface. They are similar but different.

A DHCP assignment will bind one address to a MAC as well as configure address resolution, routing et cettera… Whereas a static IP assignment must be configured manually by you the human and not the ISP. Your ISP can route a block of addresses to you via a CPE like a DSL modem or router but you have to configure your equipment to consume the traffic passed on by that device.

For instance my cable provider's modem boots DHCP, as does the router that they configure via DHCP net boot so that it may receive the block of static IP addresses assigned to my account. The router itself consumes the first usable address as delivered by the ISP. I am free to assign the remain 5 addresses to any device be-it a firewall or server at my discretion and connect it to the LAN side of this router. The following is sort of what these static assignment will look like on this server.

xl1: flags=8863<UP,BROADCAST,SMART,RUNNING,SIMPLEX,MULTICAST> mtu 1500
ether 00:17:02:d3:84:6f
inet 75.99.82.91 netmask 0xfffffff8 broadcast 75.99.82.95
inet 75.99.82.93 netmask 0xfffffff8 broadcast 75.99.82.95
inet 75.99.82.92 netmask 0xfffffff8 broadcast 75.99.82.95
media: autoselect (100baseTX <full-duplex>)
status: active

Regards,
Mikel King
Senior Editor, BSD News
http://bsdnews.net

[Lowell Gilbert]

Fbsd8 <fb...@a1poweruser.com> writes:

> For anyone being a professional company who wants permanent presents
> on the internet will pay extra fees for static ip
> address because static ip address never change and this is required for
> domain name registration. Dynamic ip address are normally assigned by the
> ISP for home users having dsl or tv cable internet connections. Dynamic
> ip address can change and if used for domain name registration the users
> FQDN will no longer point to the correct host.

In the interests of figuring out the right kind of answer here:

Do you understand the different types of DNS records?

[Fbsd8]

Your talking in general terms which does not help me, I need details.
You said above "Whereas a static IP assignment must be configured

manually by you the human and not the ISP."

I tried to show this human manual configuration in my above post.
What are you purposing as human manual configuration?
I need syntax of commands used in response to my above post.

[Polytropon]

On Sat, 29 Dec 2012 17:52:52 -0500, Fbsd8 wrote:
> Your talking in general terms which does not help me, I need details.
> You said above "Whereas a static IP assignment must be configured
> manually by you the human and not the ISP."
>
> I tried to show this human manual configuration in my above post.
> What are you purposing as human manual configuration?
> I need syntax of commands used in response to my above post.

This basically means you do not actually use DHCP for your
"client" machines (or better: for _your_ machines, be it
servers, desktop computers or firewalls); instead you have
to configure the components that would be DHCP's task on
a dynamic IP connection.

This is:

1. In /etc/rc.conf you need to configure the NIC(s) of your
system to the IPs you want them to have:

hostname="foo.example.com"
ifconfig_xl0="inet 123.456.789.10 netmask 0xffffff00"
ifconfig_xl1="inet 123.456.789.11 netmask 0xffffff00"
defaultrouter="123.456.777.100"

Maybe your ISP also defines a default router for you.



2. In /etc/resolv.conf, you have to define name servers if
you need them (or you run your own one). Typically the
ISP will tell you which NS _he_ offers.

search example.com
nameserver 123.456.700.100



3. You would also add entries to /etc/hosts reflecting your
host's settings:

123.456.789.10 foo.example.com foo
123.456.789.11 foo.example.com foo


All this implies that those settings are quite static. But for
a static IP that might be fully desired. :-)

--
Polytropon
Magdeburg, Germany
Happy FreeBSD user since 4.0
Andra moi ennepe, Mousa, ...

[Fbsd8]

Lowell Gilbert wrote:
> Fbsd8 <fb...@a1poweruser.com> writes:
>
>> For anyone being a professional company who wants permanent presents
>> on the internet will pay extra fees for static ip
>> address because static ip address never change and this is required for
>> domain name registration. Dynamic ip address are normally assigned by the
>> ISP for home users having dsl or tv cable internet connections. Dynamic
>> ip address can change and if used for domain name registration the users
>> FQDN will no longer point to the correct host.
>
> In the interests of figuring out the right kind of answer here:
>
> Do you understand the different types of DNS records?
>

Yes I have basic DNS processing understanding.
But lets not get side tracked by something the question is not asking
about. Please Focus on the part of the post you cut out which is asking
about static ip addressees.

Thank you anyway

[Mikel King]

On Dec 29, 2012, at 5:52 PM, Fbsd8 <fb...@a1poweruser.com> wrote:

>>> ifconfig_xl0="alias,24.240.xxx.187,24.240.xxx.188,24.240.xxx.189"


ifconfig_xl0="inet 24.240.198.186 netmask 0xfffffff8"
ifconfig_xl0_alias0="inet 24.240.198.187 netmask 0xfffffff8"
ifconfig_xl0_alias1="inet 24.240.198.188 netmask 0xfffffff8"
ifconfig_xl0_alias2="inet 24.240.198.189 netmask 0xfffffff8"
…
ifconfig_xl0_alias24="inet 24.240.198.210 netmask 0xfffffff8"

You can change the netmask of the aliases to 0xffffffff if you are experiencing too much broadcast chatter.

Regards,
Mikel King
Senior Editor, BSD News
http://bsdnews.net

[Lowell Gilbert]

Fbsd8 <fb...@a1poweruser.com> writes:

> Lowell Gilbert wrote:
>> Fbsd8 <fb...@a1poweruser.com> writes:
>>
>>> For anyone being a professional company who wants permanent presents
>>> on the internet will pay extra fees for static ip
>>> address because static ip address never change and this is required for
>>> domain name registration. Dynamic ip address are normally assigned by the
>>> ISP for home users having dsl or tv cable internet connections. Dynamic
>>> ip address can change and if used for domain name registration the users
>>> FQDN will no longer point to the correct host.
>>
>> In the interests of figuring out the right kind of answer here:
>>
>> Do you understand the different types of DNS records?
>>
>
> Yes I have basic DNS processing understanding.
> But lets not get side tracked by something the question is not asking
> about. Please Focus on the part of the post you cut out which is
> asking about static ip addressees.

Okay, good. I'll assume that the DNS issues aren't relevant, then.

The simple answer is:
the IP address(es) shown by 'ifconfig' will be the ones actually bound
to that interface on that machine.

Without knowing *how* you're binding those addresses, we can't tell you
which of your 25 "static" addresses are bound on any particular
machine. In most cases, I expect static addresses to be directly
configured on the specific machine in question. Since you control that
machine, and don't know what address(es) are configured, that probably
isn't the case. As a second possibility, the addresses are allocated
statically, but the host is configured via DHCP, from a server that
knows those addresses are statically assigned to that host by hardware
address or some other DHCP option. In this case, there will almost
certainly be exactly one of your 25 static IP addresses bound to this
specific host's network interface.

But, again, the key piece of information is how the addresses are
getting bound.

[Robert Bonomi]

> Date: Sat, 29 Dec 2012 18:09:59 -0500
> From: Fbsd8 <fb...@a1poweruser.com>
> Subject: Re: static ip address and ifconfig

>
> But lets not get side tracked by something the question is not asking
> about. Please Focus on the part of the post you cut out which is asking
> about static ip addressees.

The short answer is 'have the "company" _pay_ someone (who knows what they're
doing) set it up for them'.

To be blunt you lack the required knowlege of essential concepts and routine
network configuration practices to either 'do it yourself' -or- to describe
the _entire_ configuration environment with sufficient precision for anyone
else to give you the 'simple' answer you require.

The answer to your original queston, AS ASKED, is:
the ifconfig output will depend on how the network admin
set tbings up, and -nobody- can guarantee what he did.

I'm not trying to be hostile or condescending, but you cannot do advanced
things when you lack the fundamentals.

I can produce an ifconfig output for a single interface, showing 4 different
'public' addressees and 6 'private' ones and *nobody* except the network admin
for that box can tell which were staticly configured and which were issued
via DHCP. When you figure out 'why not' enlightenment will follow.

[Shane Ambler]

On 30/12/2012 07:46, Fbsd8 wrote:
> The rc.config statement ifconfig_xl0="DHCP" on that PC would function as
> exspected?

DHCP doesn't actually mean that the address will be dynamic - DHCP can
give you the same ip address every time it is requested. It simply moves
the details of configuration from you to your ISP.

You probably want to talk with your ISP about this - I would expect you
to get one IP assigned to your connection that is expected to be your
routers IP address and then it is up to you to take care of routing your
subnet to your internal network. You may assign all address to the one
machine but only one address will get the traffic to be routed to the
other addresses.