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Luther Lazaro
Then the landlords, aided by the Congress ministry with its police and Gurkha (native) soldiers, launched their campaign against the peasant union. They began dispossessing the kisans from their lands. Babu, the leading samindar, tried to claim the entire area for himself. The ministry declared martial law at the first action of the peasantry and sent in armed troops.
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But the kisans refused to vacate their lands. Negotiations yielded no tangible results and the time to cut the paddy crop approached. In defiance of the Congress ministry, which was pursuing exactly the same tactics used by the British bureaucracy during the 1932 Civil Disobedience movement, the peasants on December 20, 1938 cut their crops. Immediately comrade Sharma, together with 34 other peasant leaders, was arrested. Below is the statement made by Jadunandan Sharma, in the court of the Senior Deputy Magistrate, Gaya district.
History tells us how human society came to be divided into classes and how a microscopic minority asserted itself by hook or by crook, over the vast human majority and took control of all the resources which are essentially necessary for mankind as a whole. The result of this has been horrible. The vast majority has been deprived of all its rights, its privileges and is facing starvation, poverty, misfortune, calamities and disease while the microscopic minority is enjoying and merrymaking.
As a result of national awakening in this country a movement for complete independence started. British imperialism resorted to repression. It is still vividly before our eyes how all sorts of weapons were used to suppress the movement. We have not forgotten the lathi charges, shootings, arrests and similar measures adopted then. A worker in Bihar was put under the sand alive and murdered.
Just then the Gandhi-Irwin pact was made and a truce declared. Some of the political workers interested themselves in the peasant problem and as a result a movement was started. Organization was a natural outcome and the real Kisan Sabha [peasant union] came into existence.
The Sabha, being the class organization of the kisans, aimed at the interests of the landlords, but it was never blind to the facts existing around it and while declaring as its goal the abolition of the samindari system and exploitation, it confined its activities to the immediate and more pressing demands of kisans ...
Then the Faizpur agrarian program (consisting of various radical reforms) was adopted by the Congress and a solution of some acute and immediate problems once again appeared hopeful. The kisans with one voice supported the Congress candidates and secured a Congress majority in the Assembly. The joy of the kisans knew no bounds when the Congress ministry was formed. The Congress ministers, working under limitations and in the state structure of the vested interests, capitulated to the British samindar and capitalist interests and the Faizpur program was thrown in the background. Legislation began to be made in the name of the tenants but they were actually making the existence of fiamindars and their system secure. Kisan workers and kisans were made prey as before to all governmental repressions. The old things repeated themselves in more intensified form and to this the sections on theft and the like were also added.
Before delving towards the strategy I adopted for the exam, there are few things which I want to discuss with you all, and I hope you bear because trust me all these small things though seems trivial, could matters a lot.
In two and half years of my journey, I have seen many students who have started the preparation with full zeal and vigor but lost the same within few months, or some held it till the preliminary exam but once failed to lose all the zeal and changed path. So, if you want to prepare for the exam then first make up your mind taking into consideration all the factors and problems which you would face. I am pointing out a few of them which I had to tackle:
Here, I would also like to clarify that reading CPC and CrPC requires understanding. You should not just open the Bare Act and start reading. First, prepare these subjects according to the mains examination with the help of books or notes of any coaching. The above-mentioned suggestion should be adopted when you are done with mains and have entered in PT preparation. As when you are studying from a PT perspective, you need to read the whole Acts (at least once) and a basic understanding of the subject will help you in remembering the provisions.
Remember, the primary purpose of giving mocks is to prepare ourselves for the examination. Even if you are getting bad marks, it is okay keep doing it. Further, it will also help you analyze what kind of mistakes you are making and in which subject you need to work more. If you take my example, I found that I would not read all the options carefully, and despite knowing the correct answer I was committing mistakes. So always try to attempt mocks with utmost diligence.
It is said that Gk/GS is the one which decides whether you will clear the exam or not. I, from my own experience, can say that I have seen many bright and hard-working students who did not able to clear the exams due to GK/GS (especially in Delhi, UP, and Bihar). It is because of the step-treatment which we give to these subjects. Since the beginning of the preparation, we focus all our attention on law papers.
I know we get a certain kind of satisfaction reading law which we may not get while reading Gk. But we also need to keep in mind that the clearing exam is our main purpose, which requires giving equal importance to GK/GS. Mind my words; do not underestimate GK/GS. You may think you can do it anytime or you may plan to do it after completing your law subjects. Trust me on this it could be your biggest mistake.
Notes from the Newspaper! I do not suggest you to make daily notes from the newspaper. Though, I will suggest having one notebook, and whenever you come across anything important from the essay, mains, or interview point of view note down only those. For the rest, you have your monthly magazines. Read and revise those throughout the year.
For this, live law (blog) and newspapers are the best source. Daily try to give half-hour reading legal news and make short notes. I had one notebook which was divided into three parts: civil, criminal, and Constitutional. I would write down all the important case laws therein with brief facts and whatever was held by the Supreme Court as well the High court of my targeted states.
Someday, you may need to motivate yourself to get going, watch motivational videos or interviews of IAS or Judiciary toppers. Close yourself and imagine yourself fulfilling your dream and the smiling faces of your closed ones. Believe me, the day you will achieve your dream, that feeling cannot be expressed in words, it will emotional and magical at the same time. I used to imagine how I will tell my parents about my result and how will they react Study for that day.
Whenever you go to sleep, just a few minutes before that, you must decide what you will study tomorrow and how much you will have to cover so that when you wake up, you have a goal to achieve for that day. Never start a day without a goal. It will have a psychological effect on your mind, followed by many toppers.
At last, have faith in your hard-work and destiny, if you have given your best then your effort will never go in vain. And the most important, enjoy the journey and the learning process. ALL THE BEST! SEE YOU AGAIN.
Purushottam Jha is a Master in Political Science with specialization in behaviorism and Public Administration. He has conducted, participated, supervised and guided various studies and research on public political behavior, social progression, response and re-engineering focused on different territorial clusters. He has worked as General Insurance professional with a Public Sector at senior managerial levels monitoring and leading various projects of public importance. LESS ... MORE
Aam Aadmi Party (AAP) has not invited any opposition leader or chief ministers from opposition parties to the glorious event of their swearing-in ceremony at Delhi, though lots of, rather all of, them were more than eager to attend the event. This means too much and indicates towards too many things of the future shape of our polity especially in the face of many political pundits predicting and talking about increased aspirations and role of Arvind Kejriwal on the national spectrum.
Arvind Kejriwal and his AAP is a product of the anti-corruption crusade against Congress regime led by Anna Hazare. The agitation, however, was still going on taking its shape and yet to reach its culmination when Kejriwal and others scattered and moved away to fight elections which Anna apparently did not approve of. Till today Anna has his strong reservations about AAP and Kejriwal and even on this winning he has refused to offer his comments. Thus unlike JP movement of the early seventies which culminated in success giving shape to a political ethos and platform creating too many leaders many of them of national repute, Anna agitation was aborted in the way and did not culminate in anything except political gains to some people. Most joined AAP capturing Delhi and few like Kiran Bedi joined BJP and got some positions somewhere and somehow in the system. It may be added that BJP and some other parties too supported Anna movement, but Kejriwal instead of making any alliance with any of the political parties went alone creating his own party as AAP making its base in Delhi. AAP did try spreading its wings but could not be visible anywhere other than Delhi, mainly because AAP did not have any history and failed to create its geography either.
It is often difficult for a classic regional leader to grow his national aspirations without a national name and national structure of his party in a country as complex as ours. Nitish Kumar did aspire for this, he had the national reputation too at a given time but lacked the structure to move upon. Once upon a time Chandrababu Naidu too was restless becoming a national leader revolting from NDA before Andha Pradesh just pulled the soil under his feet. Even most popular of Chief Ministers may not make a national leader without a robust all India organization. Let anyone not confuse with Narendra Modi making it become the Prime Minister from Gujarat Chief Minister. It was his all India party selecting him the leader of the party and it had nothing to do with his being a Chief Minister. Kejriwal is a sharp ex IRS officer, who knows his strength and limitations too well and would not aspire to climb upon an imaginary staircase proceeding to nowhere and instead would like to continue doing his best to his people of howsoever tiny land and see his stature grow and take pride on. He knows too well that his win is a victory of exclusive his policies and programmers and has nothing to do with the opposition parties in the country and would not allow the victory to be seen as the victory of the opposition.
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