4m Fine Fire 14.0.0.0.epub
Niranjan Gerrero
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Background: Asthma-related outcomes are regularly used by studies to investigate the association between human exposure to landscape fire smoke and health. Robust summary effect estimates are required to inform health protection policy for fire smoke exposure.
Objective: To conduct a systematic review and meta-analysis to estimate the association between short-term exposure to landscape fire smoke (LFS) fine particulate matter (PM2.5) and asthma-related outcomes.
Methods: We conducted a systematic review and meta-analysis following PRISMA guidelines. Four databases (PubMed, Medline, EMBASE and Scopus) and reference lists of recent fire smoke and health reviews were searched. The Newcastle-Ottawa Scale was used to evaluate the quality of case-crossover studies, and a previously validated quality assessment framework was used for observational studies lacking control groups. Publication bias was assessed using funnel plots and Egger's Test. The trim and fill method was used when there was evidence of publication bias. Sensitivity and influence analyses were conducted on all endpoints to test the robustness of estimates. Summary estimates were obtained for hospitalisations and emergency department (ED) visits. A descriptive analysis was conducted for physician visits, medication use, and salbutamol dispensations.
Results: From an initial 181 articles (after duplicate removal), 20 studies were included for quantitative assessment and descriptive synthesis. LFS PM2.5 levels were positively associated with asthma hospitalisations (RR = 1.06, 95% CI: 1.02-1.09) and emergency department visits (RR = 1.07, 95% CI: 1.04-1.09). Subgroup analyses found that females were more susceptible than males for ED visits, and that there was an increasing association by age groups for hospital admissions and ED visits. High heterogeneity between studies was observed, but results were robust to sensitivity analysis.
Conclusions: Females and all adults aged over 65 years appear to be the population groups most sensitive to asthma-related outcomes when exposed to LFS PM2.5. Overall, results were higher than those obtained for a typical PM2.5 mixture.
Hello,
I'm fairly new to epubs, but have created several reflowable epubs with no issues.
Created my first 'fixed' epub from InDesign (CC19) file which uses typekit font 'Proxima Soft'. Using Kindle previewer to check file. Fonts view fine on my end, but when client uploads file & views the font kern is all messed up. Any suggestions would be appreciated.
Thanks,
Sandy
What a bummer. The book is only 70 pgs, but has a handful of images. Thinking about work around, going to try different font altogether & if that doesn't work... pdfing each pg & placing them in ID file. waawaawaa
Use jpg for objects which do not require transparency to save a bit on file size, but I strongly advice PNG for text and sharp edged in any case, because PNG maintains sharpness best for these type of graphics. Generally PNG just works best in most cases where these effects or objects disappear.
Also notice the resolution: if you are using the ipad Retina document preset, set this resolution to 72. Do this also when exporting your epub, because InDesign exports the graphics at the native resolution of the device you selected when 72ppi is selected.
There is no reason to use a higher resolution, unless you happen to be working with the non-retina iPad document preset (which is 1024x768) for example, and you want to export to a retina version - in this case (only) you would choose a 72x2=144ppi resolution export to meet these requirements.
If you are working with the Kindle Fire/Nook document preset, again choose 72ppi for both the object export resolution as well as the epub publishing resolution, because any value over 72ppi will generate image assets which are much larger and eat up more file space then required. Just remember that InDesign will export the images at the exact required selected device's document preset's resolution when 72ppi is used.
The text is no longer "real text", of course, if you follow these directions. Then again, converting to a FXL layout to Kindle generally just means converting the whole thing to images anyway to retain exact layout.
PS one more thing to look out for when converting a FXL epub to Kindle: transparency in PNG files is converted to white, and the transparency is discarded. (You will notice this when opening such a FXL epub with transparent PNG files in the Kindle Previewer).
The problem is the lack of viable reader apps. I would never even attempt a fixed layout epub out of InDesign destined for anything other than iPads or Macs. Readium is making some progress but it's not ready, yet and I don't know when it will be.
This suggestion to rasterise seems to be completely wrong. If the book happens to have a very complex layout where accuracy is critical (for example a maths text book) this may be the only solution. But otherwise, rasterising severely reduces usability for the reader of the file (quality may suffer, can't reflow, can't search...) So this should only be done if the designer feels esthetics are more important than usability (I wouldn't employ a designer who felt that, but your mileage may vary). Is it really more important to keep exact font and kerning than, for example, the ability to search for the word you kerned so carefully? My tip: if you're going to epub be prepared to LET GO... learn about the medium, it's strengths and weaknesses and work with them, even if your fancy design is compromised.
You're right about reflowable, but I'll disagree about fixed layout not being able to handle some kerning. If you crack one open and dive into the mark up, you'll find a complete mess which is what's needed to make it fixed so kerning shouldn't really cause a need for this unless it's dramatic.
In the end, I changed the font for epub & it's working. All typekit fonts will not work with fixed epubs. Big lesson learned. Thanks for all of your input. Much appreciated.
Someone noted to just pdf & be done. I didn't think kdp would accept Adobe pdf ? the kindle previewer doesn't recognize pdfs. Could the client download a pdf to kdp for a fixed ebook?
Yes, always... thanks for the reminder Derek. This was the first epub I've created that didn't use a 'Pro' font for the main body. Ended up using Typekit Scala Sans 'Pro' font. So far, that's the only difference I can see from other successful epubs I've created.
Upon further review, fonts are still corrupt. Fixed epub file views fine with previewer on both mine & clients end. It's after the Amazon upload when the fonts get corrupted with terrible crashes. Any help would be appreciated. Fonts used are OpenType Type1 from Typekit.
MOBI is a well-known e-book format. The popular Amazon AZW e-book is just based on MOBI. You can find many MOBI ebooks on the amazon.com. But one problem I ever met when reading MOBI e-book on Kindle Fire is that some MOBI ebooks don't display in the "Books" category but "Docs" instead. This situation causes some inconvenience of managing a large number of ebooks as you have to browse in two different categories. Or just think about the scene that your favorite ebooks are mixed with some uncorrelated documents. It's totally a mess! So it's better to make MOBI files display as books on Kindle Fire, not docs.
Before we start, we should figure out why the MOBI books display in "Docs". We know that the Docs category is used for storing personal documents like PDF, HTML, TXT or other documents sent by Amazon "Send to Kindle" service. Some MOBI ebooks are added personal document tag when generated so that the Kindle Fire will recognize them as documents but not ebooks.
After knowing this, you may ask "How about removing this personal document tag"? Yes, this is exactly we need to do. Calibre is the right tool for doing this job. It can convert MOBI to MOBI without quality loss and remove the personal document tag at the same time.
Step 3 Select all books in the list and choose "Convert books". Set the Output format as "MOBI" (or "AZW3"). Click "MOBI Output" at the left menu and find "Kindle Options" at right side. Delete the default "[PDOC]" and keep the Personal Doc Tag blank. Then click "OK" to start conversion.
Step 4 You can see the conversion progress at the bottom right corner. When the number turns into "0", the conversion job finishes. Click "Path : Click to open"(the containing folder) to find the new MOBI e-book.
Step 5 Connect your Kindle Fire to computer with USB cable. Transfer the MOBI file to the "Books" folder. Reject Kindle Fire and choose "Books", you can find the MOBI book shows here. It's no longer stay in "Docs".
1. In our test we find that some MOBI ebooks can still display in "Books" even you don't delete the "[PDOC]" but convert them with Calibre only. But I still suggest you replace the Personal Doc Tag with [EBOK] as this is more reliable.
2. You can also transfer the MOBI books to "Documents" folder of Kindle Fire and they can still display at "Books" (not Docs) as long as you've followed the tutorial. But for a better management, I suggest you put the MOBI books in the "Books" folder.
One problem I found is that if you add ebooks to calibre which are already in mobi format you cannot just convert them to mobi format again as it then adds them as original_mobi files. These then dont show up on the kindle. The only way I could get them to load as books on the kindle was this:
I just spent a couple hours on this, and I want to thank you for providing the resource that finally got me a solution. One update, though...for the new Fire tablet (5th gen) it seems that it is necessary to actually convert the file from MOBI to AZW3. I tried loading to the Books folder (directly and using Calibre) and tried converting the MOBIs to [EBOK], but neither of those things worked (could only read through docs, and could not save progress). Changing the format to AZW3 allowed me to load to the Books folder (through Calibre) and have the books show up in the Fire's Kindle app.
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