FW: PRO/AH/EDR> MERS-CoV - Eastern Mediterranean (75): role of bats in emergence, Saudi Arabia new cases

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Subject: PRO/AH/EDR> MERS-CoV - Eastern Mediterranean (75): role of bats in emergence, Saudi Arabia new cases

MERS-COV - EASTERN MEDITERRANEAN (75): ROLE OF BATS IN EMERGENCE,
SAUDI ARABIA NEW CASES
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In this update:
[1] Role of bats in emergence
[2] Saudi Arabia: new cases Riyadh, MOH

******
[1] Role of bats in emergence
Date: Thu 10 Oct 2013
Source: The Scientist [edited]
<http://www.the-scientist.com/?articles.view/articleNo/37845/title/More-Evidence-MERS-Came-from-Bats/>

Genomic analysis suggests that the Middle East respiratory syndrome
coronavirus [MERS-CoV] circulated among bats for a while before
jumping to humans.

Middle East respiratory syndrome has killed 58 humans since the MERS
coronavirus was first detected in 2012 -- a mortality rate of nearly
50 percent. Researchers have suspected that bats and camels were the
source of the virus, and new data published today (10 Oct 2013) in
Virology Journal add weight to the former as the original reservoir of
the disease.

"Our analysis suggests that an evolutionary lineage leading to the
current MERS-CoV co-evolved with bat hosts for an extended time
period, eventually jumping species boundaries to infect humans,
perhaps through an intermediate host," Jie Cui, the lead author of the
paper and an evolutionary virologist at the University of Sydney in
Australia, said in a press release.

Cui and his colleagues scrutinized the mRNA sequences of the cell
surface receptor, DPP4, which [MERS-CoV] uses to break into the host
cell. They found a higher ratio of nonsynonymous-to-synonymous
nucleotide substitutions among the sequences of DPP4 from 5 bat
species compared to DPP4 sequences in nearly all of the 27 other
mammals analysed -- an indication of adaptive evolution, possibly to
escape entry by [MERS-CoV]. The findings "accord with the growing body
of data that the newly emerged MERS-CoV ultimately has a bat-origin,"
the authors wrote in their report.

An upcoming concern regarding MERS is next week's massive Hajj in
Mecca and Madinah [13-18 Oct 2013], which can draw millions of
pilgrims. Most of the MERS deaths have been in Saudi Arabia.

[Byline: Kerry Grens]

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Communicated by:
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[Reference
---------
Cui J, Eden JS, Holmes EC, Wang LF: Adaptive evolution of bat
dipeptidyl peptidase 4 (dpp4): implications for the origin and
emergence of Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus. Virology
Journal 2013, 10: 304 doi:10.1186/1743-422X-10-304
<http://www.virologyj.com/content/10/1/304/abstract>.

The authors' Provisional Abstract states the following:
"The newly emerged Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus
(MERS-CoV) that first appeared in Saudi Arabia during the summer of
2012 has to date (20 Sep 2013) caused 58 human deaths. MERS-CoV
utilizes the dipeptidyl peptidase 4 (DPP4) host cell receptor, and
analysis of the long-term interaction between virus and receptor
provides key information on the evolutionary events that lead to the
viral emergence. The authors show that bat DPP4 receptor genes have
been subject to significant adaptive evolution, suggestive of a
long-term arms-race between bats and MERS related CoVs. In particular,
we identify 3 positively selected residues in DPP4 that directly
interact with the viral surface glycoprotein."

The authors' findings suggest that the evolutionary lineage leading to
MERS-CoV may have circulated in bats for a substantial time period.
The authors' data do not unequivocally identify a particular bat
species as a vector of MERS-CoV, but their results are consistent with
a prediction that bats are a likely intermediary in the evolution of
the human pathogen. - Mod.CP]

******
[2] Saudi Arabia: new cases Riyadh, MOH
Date: 10 Sep 2013
Source: Saudi MOH (in Arabic, machine trans., edited]
<http://www.moh.gov.sa/CoronaNew/PressReleases/Pages/mediastatemenet-2013-10-09-001.aspx>

Within the framework of the constant monitoring and epidemic
surveillance of the novel coronavirus (MERS-CoV), the Ministry of
Health (MOH) has announced 2 new fatal cases have been recorded in the
Riyadh region.

The 1st case is a 78-year-old male citizen, who had been suffering
from chronic diseases.

The 2nd case is a 55-year-old male citizen, who also had been
suffering from diseases.

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Communicated by:
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[According to the Saudi Arabian MOH website, there have been 119 cases
of MERS-CoV infection confirmed in Saudi Arabia including 51 deaths.
As of the last global total reported on the WHO Global alert and
response website on 4 Oct 2013, there had been a total of 136
laboratory-confirmed cases of infection with MERS-CoV, including 58
deaths. The addition of these 2 newly reported fatal cases will raise
this global total to 138 laboratory confirmed cases including 60
deaths.

For a map of the Middle East, see <http://healthmap.org/r/1HAJ>. -
Mod.MPP]

[see also:
MERS-CoV - Eastern Mediterranean (74): Saudi Arabia, WHO
20131005.1976827
MERS-CoV - Eastern Mediterranean (73): global reviews
20130926.1969696
MERS-CoV - Eastern Mediterranean (72): Saudi Arabia, phylogeny
20130922.1961414
MERS-CoV - Eastern Mediterranean (71): Saudi Arabia, WHO
20130919.1954937
MERS-CoV - Eastern Mediterranean (70): Saudi Arabia, WHO
20130913.1936342
MERS-CoV - Eastern Mediterranean (69): Saudi Arabia, Qatar, WHO
20130908.1930808
MERS-CoV - Eastern Mediterranean (67): Saudi Arabia, WHO
20130906.1928088
MERS-CoV - Eastern Mediterranean (65): Saudi Arabia, RFI, Qatar
20130904.1919328
MERS-CoV - Eastern Mediterranean (64): Saudi Arabia, WHO
20130831.1915636
MERS-CoV - Eastern Mediterranean (63): Saudi Arabia, new cases, WHO
20130829.1911345
MERS-CoV - Eastern Mediterranean (62): Saudi Arabia, new cases, global
20130828.1908604
MERS-CoV - Eastern Mediterranean (60): Qatar, new case, RFI
20130827.1904425
MERS-CoV - Eastern Mediterranean (59): Saudi Arabia, corr., Qatar,
conf. 20130825.1901617
MERS-CoV - Eastern Mediterranean (58): Saudi Arabia, new cases and
deaths, global 20130822.1895978
MERS-CoV - Eastern Mediterranean (56): Qatar, new case, RFI
20130820.1890761
MERS-CoV - Eastern Mediterranean (55): Saudi Arabia, new cases
20130819.1888611
MERS-CoV - Eastern Mediterranean (51): Saudi Arabia, WHO, RFI
20130801.1857286
MERS-CoV - Eastern Mediterranean (49): Saudi Arabia, WHO
20130727.1848186
MERS-CoV - Eastern Mediterranean (47): Saudi Arabia, WHO
20130723.1839927
MERS-CoV - Eastern Mediterranean (46): Saudi Arabia, UAE, WHO
20130719.1834513
MERS-CoV - Eastern Mediterranean (44): Saudi Arabia, new cases
20130717.1830125
MERS-CoV - Eastern Mediterranean (43): UAE, WHO, Saudi Haj recs.
20130714.1823927
MERS-CoV - Eastern Mediterranean (42): UAE, WHO global update
20130711.1820164
MERS-CoV - Eastern Mediterranean (41): Saudi Arabia, WHO
20130710.1815512
MERS-CoV - Eastern Mediterranean (40): Saudi Arabia, WHO
20130709.1813691
MERS-CoV - Eastern Mediterranean (30): virology, earlier emergence
20130617.1777805
MERS-CoV - Eastern Mediterranean (25): Saudi Arabia, genome
20130612.1768944
MERS-CoV - Eastern Mediterranean (20): Italy, contact screening
20130604.1754724
MERS-CoV - Eastern Mediterranean (15): Saudi Arabia, Italy ex Jordan,
WHO, RFI 20130601.1749096
MERS-CoV - Eastern Mediterranean (12): Saudi Arabia, France
20130528.1741836
MERS-CoV - Eastern Mediterranean (05): Tunisia ex Saudi Arabia/Qatar,
fatal, RFI 20130520.1725864
MERS-CoV - Eastern Mediterranean (02): WHO summary, ECDC risk
assessments 20130518.1721873
Novel coronavirus - Eastern Mediterranean (29): MERS-CoV, ICTV
nomenclature 20130516.1717833
Novel coronavirus - Eastern Mediterranean (24): France, 2nd case
20130512.1707305
Novel coronavirus - Eastern Mediterranean (20): France ex UAE, WHO,
Saudi Arabia 20130508.1700034
Novel coronavirus - Eastern Mediterranean (14): Germany ex UAE, WHO,
fatal 20130326.1604564
Novel coronavirus - Eastern Mediterranean (12): KSA, UK fatality, RFI
20130323.1600113
Novel coronavirus - Eastern Mediterranean (11): UK, pers to pers
transm 20130316.1588808
Novel coronavirus - East. Med. (07): Saudi Arabia, UK, Germany
20130221.155410
Novel coronavirus - Eastern Med. (04): UK, pers to pers trans susp
20130213.1541531
Novel coronavirus - Eastern Med. (02): UK ex Saudi Arabia, Pakistan
20130212.1539086
2012
----
Novel coronavirus - Eastern Mediterranean: WHO, Jordan, conf., RFI
20121130.1432498
Novel coronavirus - Saudi Arabia (18): WHO, new cases, cluster
20121123.1421664
Novel coronavirus - Saudi Arabia (14): KSA MOH 20121022.1358297
Novel coronavirus - Saudi Arabia (12): RFI 20121019.1353615
Novel coronavirus - Saudi Arabia (11): clin. lab. & epi.
investigations 20121004.1324712
Novel coronavirus - Saudi Arabia (10): WHO, revised case def.
20120930.1315960
Novel coronavirus - Saudi Arabia (04): RFI, Jordan, April 2012
20120925.1308001
Novel coronavirus - Saudi Arabia (03): UK HPA, WHO, Qatar
20120923.1305982
Novel coronavirus - Saudi Arabia (02): additional cases, RFI
20120923.1305931
Novel coronavirus - Saudi Arabia: human isolate 20120920.1302733]
.................................................cp/mj/mpp/mj/lm
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