Dear Osama,
Early references for *MAT_159 or *MAT_CSCM
This is material type 159. This is a smooth or continuous surface cap model and is available for solid elements in LS-DYNA. The user has the option of inputting his own material properties (<BLANK> option), or requesting default material properties for normal strength concrete (CONCRETE).
A theory and evaluation paper was presented on *MAT_159 by Yvonne Murray:
Murray, Y.D., "Theory and Evaluation of Material Model 159", 8th International LS-DYNA Users Conference, Dearborn, Michigan, May, 2004.
http://www.dynalook.com/international-conf-2004/06-3.pdf
*MAT_159 was used to simulate the pendulum impact on a concrete barrier:
Abu-Odeh, A., "Application of New Concrete Model to Roadside Safety Barriers", 9th International LS-DYNA Users Conference, Dearborn, Michigan, June, 2006.
http://www.dynalook.com/international-conf-2006/11CrashSafety.pdf
Users and evaluation manuals funded by FHWA for *MAT_159:
Murray, Y.D., "Users Manual for LS-DYNA Concrete Material Model 159", FHWA-HRT-05-062, Federal Highway Administration, Turner-Fairbank Highway Research Center, McLean, Virginia, May, 2007.
http://www.fhwa.dot.gov/publications/research/infrastructure/pavements/05062/
http://www.fhwa.dot.gov/publications/research/infrastructure/pavements/05062/05062.pdf
Murray, Y.D., Abu-Odeh, A., and Bligh, R., "Evaluation of LS-DYNA Concrete Material Model 159", FHWA-HRT-05-063, Federal Highway Administration, Turner-Fairbank Highway Research Center, McLean, Virginia, May, 2007.
http://www.fhwa.dot.gov/publications/research/infrastructure/structures/05063/
http://www.fhwa.dot.gov/publications/research/infrastructure/structures/05063/05063.pdf
Sincerely,
James M. Kennedy
KBS2 Inc.
May 1, 2026
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