What satellite system are you using to connect to the internet when at sea. I used to work at sea and we had a Norsat system. It was kind of cool as this meant the ship had 4 UK telephone numbers, and of course reasonably quick internet.
We used to get what looked like dropouts, even though there was still a connection on the control panel. We would get a loss of data speed, so all of a sudden somethings would crap out while some connections would remain, and our internet speed would be slower than the worst dialup ever. So when you have 10 things trying to connect at the same time some would just give up. Eventually we worked it out that on a certain ships heading the crane, when in use caused a slight shadow on the raydome. So effectively cutting the dish size.
So I am just wondering if something similar is going on, which would possibly explain why your vpn doesn't disconnect, as it would still have a connection all be it a very slow one.