In the present observational study, cardiovascular history was assessed for 2,682 patients diagnosed with BPPV, both initial episodes and recurrences, who had referred to 158 Italian vestibology out-patient clinics from January 2013 to December 2014. Most patients were over 40 years old (88.6%), with a prevalence of women (60.9%) and a BPPV recurrence rate of 52.5%, in line with data reported in literature 13. With regards to the prevalence of recurrent BPPV, only the Ogun et al. survey conducted in the United States has until now registered a higher frequency (76.3%), but this, as reported by the authors, may be due to the survey procedures used which favoured selection of patients with recurrent BPPV 6.
Analysis of correlations also suggests that cardiovascular risk factors expose the BPPV subject to a risk of relapse with OR values that sometimes are higher than 2. Specifically, the presence of arterial hypertension, dyslipidaemia and established cardiovascular comorbidities (OR range between 1.84 and 2.31) would seem to be significantly related to episodes of recurrent BPPV, and association with diabetes and thyroid/autoimmune disease (OR range between 1.42 and 1.89) would seem to be relevant.
Finally, it is interesting to note that in our sample more than 80% of patients reported hearing loss or tinnitus prior to the episode of BPPV. At the same time, it should also be underlined the fact that patients with hearing loss were significantly older. For these reasons, and given the importance of the issue, to evaluate the possible correlation between hearing loss and BPPV it would be necessary in the future perform a specific study, which evaluates in detail the various characteristics of the hearing loss in BPPV for classes of age and comparing such data with an adequate sample of subjects not suffering from BPPV.
Introduction: Thoracic impedance (TI) drops measured by implantable cardioverter-defibrillators (ICDs) have been reported to correlate with ventricular tachycardia/fibrillation (VT/VF). The aim of our study was to assess the temporal association of decreasing TI trends with VT/VF episodes through a longitudinal analysis of daily remote monitoring data from ICDs and cardiac resynchronization therapy defibrillators (CRT-Ds).
Conclusion: In our longitudinal analysis, TI decrease was associated with VT/VF episodes only in ICD patients. Preventive interventions may be difficult since episodes can occur before or after TI decrease.
Nicole Elizabeth LaValle (née Polizzi; born November 23, 1987), best known by her nickname Snooki, is an American reality television personality. She is best known for being a cast member of the MTV reality show Jersey Shore and starring in Snooki & Jwoww and Jersey Shore: Family Vacation. Upon appearing on Jersey Shore in 2009, Snooki gained popularity, leading to numerous talk show appearances, web and television series participation and hosting, and a large social media following. She reportedly earned $150,000 per Jersey Shore episode by the last season.[5] She also appeared as the guest hostess for WWE Raw in 2011 and competed at WrestleMania XXVII that same year.
MTV first introduced Snooki in Is She Really Going Out with Him?,[14] a show that focused on women dating obnoxious or arrogant men. Snooki and her boyfriend, Justin, appeared in episode 14, "Jerz Pud".[15]
Snooki became part of the reality TV series Jersey Shore after being scouted by the casting director, Josh Allouche, an employee of Doron Ofir Casting. The New York Times identified her as "the breakout member of the cast".[6] According to The New York Times, her actions on the show have caused her to be the target of public disdain while having a "strange appeal".[6] One reported measure of her appeal was that she was one of the most popular celebrity Halloween costumes of 2010.[16] At the height of the show's popularity, Snooki was reportedly earning $150,000 per episode.[17]
While shooting in Seaside Heights, Snooki was punched in the face by New York City school gym teacher Brad Ferro.[18][19] The punch, while shown in previews, was blacked out during showings of the episode. Videos of the punch went viral on YouTube and were featured in many news media. After the punch was made public, Snooki's appearance fees increased from $2,000 per event to $10,000 per event.[20][21][22]
In 2011, Snooki and her Jersey Shore costar, Jennifer Farley, signed a contract to star in a spin-off show, Snooki & Jwoww, which premiered on MTV in June 2012. The first season followed Snooki and Farley moving in together,[23][24] and they describe their show like a modern-day Laverne & Shirley.[25] 495 Productions filmed the first season over the course of six weeks, at a former two-story firehouse located near Grove and Mercer Streets in Jersey City, New Jersey.[26] The second season relocated to the stars' actual permanent residences and began airing on January 8, 2013. This season had an expanded one-hour episode format. The March 2012 confirmation of Snooki's pregnancy raised speculation as to how the creative direction of her spin-off would be affected, as she would be unable to engage in the "hard-partying, booze-swilling" antics that had previously garnered high ratings for MTV.[27][28] The show chronicled her days in pregnancy and early years in motherhood and ran for four seasons before concluding in February 2015.
Snooki was a presenter at the 2010 CMT Music Awards.[32] On July 27, 2010, the cast of Jersey Shore appeared at the New York Stock Exchange, and Snooki rang the opening bell.[33] Snooki and the cast of Jersey Shore appeared at the 2010 MTV Video Music Awards on September 12, 2010.[34] Snooki also appeared on TLC's Cake Boss episode "Snookie, Super Anthony & a Ship" on November 8, 2010, in which she orders a cake for her mom. On November 7, 2010, Snooki appeared at the MTV Europe Music Awards in Madrid, Spain. She was subsequently parodied in the South Park episode "It's a Jersey Thing", and is frequently parodied on Saturday Night Live by actor Bobby Moynihan.[35] She also hosted the MTV New Year's special MTV's Club New Year's Eve 2013, with Jwoww and Jeff Dye, on December 31, 2012, from Times Square, to ring in 2013.
Snooki made an appearance on the March 14, 2011, episode of WWE Monday Night Raw, where she had a segment with John Morrison, Vickie Guerrero and Dolph Ziggler. During the segment, she slapped Vickie, starting a feud with the couple. Later at night, she got into a brawl with LayCool, which led to the formation of a six-person Mixed Tag Team match at WrestleMania XXVII. Snooki made an appearance on the March 28, 2011, episode of WWE Monday Night Raw in a segment where Snooki introduces Trish Stratus to the Jersey Shore, were they started a street fight with LayCool in a bar. At Wrestlemania, Snooki and her partners Trish Stratus and John Morrison won the match.[36] On December 12, 2011, on WWE RAW, she was awarded the WWE 2011 A-Lister of the Year Slammy Award which she accepted via satellite.
While a healthy diet costs more than USD 1.20 in every country, the least-cost nutrient adequate diet falls below this threshold only in Qatar, and falls between USD 1.20 and USD 1.90 for seventeen African, eleven Asian, six European, one Latin American and one Oceanian country. In comparison, the least-cost energy sufficient diet is affordable (still using the USD 1.20 threshold) for the poor around the world, except in Bolivia (Plurinational State of) (USD 1.42), British Virgin Islands (USD 1.56), Dominica (USD 1.22), Ecuador (USD 1.31), El Salvador (USD 1.46), Grenada (USD 1.33), Japan (USD 3.03), Nicaragua (USD 1.44), Saint Vincent and the Grenadines (USD 1.32), Sint Maarten (USD 1.72), South Africa (USD 1.26), Taiwan (USD 1.46) and Togo (USD 1.94).
Context. Gamma-ray burst (GRB) 110709B is the first source for which Swift-BAT was triggered twice, with a time separation of 10 min. The first emission (called here episode 1) lasted from 40 s before the first trigger time until 60 s after it. The second emission (hereafter episode 2) lasted from 35 s before the second trigger time until 100 s after it. These features reproduce those of GRB 090618, which has recently been interpreted within the induced gravitational collapse (IGC) paradigm. In line with this paradigm, we assume the progenitor to be a close binary system composed of the core of an evolved star and a neutron star (NS). The evolved star explodes as a supernova (SN) and ejects material that is partially accreted by the NS. We identify this process with episode 1. The accretion process accumulates more than the critical mass of the NS, which gravitationally collapses into a black hole (BH). This process leads to the GRB emission, episode 2. The two trigger episodes have for the first time provided the possibility to cover the X-ray emission observed by XRT both prior to and during the prompt phase of GRB 110709B.
Aims. We analyze the spectra and time variability of episodes 1 and 2 and compute the relevant parameters of the binary progenitor, as well as the astrophysical parameters both in the SN and the GRB phase in the IGC paradigm.
Methods. We performed a time-resolved spectral analysis of episode 1 by fitting the spectrum with a blackbody (BB) plus a power-law (PL) spectral model. From the BB fluxes and temperatures of episode 1 and the luminosity distance dL, we evaluated the evolution with time of the radius of the BB emitter, associated here to the evolution of the SN ejecta. We analyzed episode 2 within the fireshell model, identifying the proper GRB (P-GRB) and simulating the light curve and spectrum. We established the redshift to be z = 0.75, following the phenomenological methods described in the literature, and our analysis of the late X-ray afterglow. It is most remarkable that the determination of the cosmological redshift on the basis of scaling the late X-ray afterglow, which was already verified in GRB 090618 and GRB 101023, is again verified by this analysis.
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