3g Power Computer Semarang

[Bartley Trowbridge]

Greenbuilding is a concept in which development should be implemented with environmental principles, start from design, construction, operation, and management. There is a Green Building Council Indonesia (GBCI) as a certification body for Green Building that established a Greenship New Building (NB) Version 1.2 as rating tools for green building assessment for new buildings in 2013. One of the categories that assessed is Energy Efficiency and Conservation (EEC). This study was conducted to determine how EEC criteria applied at Pascasarjana B Building Diponegoro University, by measuring the criteria based on Greenship NB Vers 1.2. The method of this study is comparing the existing condition of building with Greenship rating tools in order to know the points that would gained. The measurement of some criteria based on Indonesia National Standards and Ministry Regulation. From the results of the study, The Pascasarjana B Building Diponegoro University earns 10 points out of a total 26 points, or approximately 38.46% rating level for EEC. This baseline points obtained from some criteria such OTTV, Ventilation and Climate Change Impact. This study also gives recommendations output for compliance and building improvement to enhance the points based on Greenship rating tools.

Nowadays, green building concept is a need for building development. Buildings account for more than 40% of all global carbon dioxide emissions, one of the main culprits implicated in the phenomenon of global warming [1]. Energy consumption in buildings greatly affects the CO2 emissions into the air. The concentration of CO2 in the atmosphere continues to grow and cause the greenhouse effect which can increase the temperature of the earth. This condition has led to the phenomenon of global warming. Although the increase in CO2 is not the only cause of global warming, but the problem of energy consumption is becoming global issue.

To prevent global warming, there needs to be new practices, from the design phase to the operation of the building in order to increase the efficiency of energy consumption, so that the carbon footprint, global warming potential and ozone depletion potential can be reduced.

Indonesia government by The Ministry of Environment issues Ministerial Regulation No. 08/2010 on The Criteria and Certification of Green Building. The Government needs to encourage and facilitate the initiative of stakeholders in making effort to mitigate and adapt to climate change by managing green buildings [2]. This regulation becomes one of guidelines to create the categories for green buildings in Indonesia.

Green Building Council Indonesia (GBCI) as a certification body in Indonesia which is registered by The Ministry of Environment has issued a Greenship New Building (NB) Version 1.2 as a rating tools for green building assessment for new buildings. There are 7 categories of the rating tools which are accordance with regulations in Indonesia.

One of the categories that analyze in this study is Energy Efficiency and Conservation (EEC). This assessment was conducted to determine how EEC criteria applied at Pascasarjana B Building Diponegoro University, by measuring the criteria based on Greenship NB Version 1.2. The result of this assessment is not only to define the points, but also give recommendation for improving performance of building. Therefore the building management could establish further internal regulation and policy for better environment.

Based on regulation in Indonesian, green building can be defined as building applying environmental principles in its design, construction, operation and management along within significant aspect of handling the impact of climate change [2].

Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) describe that buildings have an enormous impact on the environment, human health, and the economy. The successful adoption of green building strategies can optimizee both the economic and environmental performance of buildings [3].

Nowadays, in several countries there are institutions and Green Building standards, namely BREEAM (UK), LEED (United States), NABERS and GREEN STAR (Australia), GREEN MARK (Singapore) and also GREENSHIP from Indonesia [4]. The standards have different criteria and assessment, depending on the critical issues emerging in that country and based on the regulations. The benefit which might be rating tools acquired from Green Building certification are not only as a form of business environmental compliance but also as an improvement image and public perception, which consequently constitute the market value compared to conventional building.

Energy Efficiency and Conservation (EEC) contains 2 criteria prerequisite, i.e. electrical Sub metering and OTTV Calculation, 1 criteria bonus is On Site Renewable Energy and also 4 criteria credit which have 26 points maximum. These criteria are Energy Efficiency Measure, Natural Lighting, Ventilation, and Climate Change Impact [5].

The objective for this criterion is to encourage savings in energy consumption through the application of energy efficiency measure. There are 4 sub-criteria for each component, inter alia OTTV measurement, artificial lighting, vertical transportation, and air condition system.

The method of this study is comparing the existing condition of building with Greenship rating tools in order to know the points that would gained. The computer software used to calculate the criteria are, Microsoft Office Excel 2007 and Sketch Up Pro 8. There are many programs for Building Energy Simulation, such as Energy-10, DOE-2, Energy Plus, Ecotech, etc.

The measurement of some criteria are based on Indonesia National Standards (SNI) and Ministerial Regulations. These criteria are OTTV calculation and energy efficiency measure. The first step to calculate OTTV is making the building design into 3D model by using Sketch Up Software to get information about surface area and fenestration. Then the heat gain for each faade area can be calculated using Eq. (1) and total average surface area using Eq. (2).

Natural lighting and ventilation can be measured by observation and direct measurement. Especially for natural lighting, the sample points scattered all over the floor with a total of 8 points and measured by Luxmeter for 3 times a day, which is in the morning, noon and evening. Result of this measurement is calculated by Microsoft Excel 2007.

Electrical sub metering availability can be determined from interview with building management and electrician. The climate change impact determined by calculating CO2 emissions that can be measured by Spreadsheet from ICLEI and GIZ Indonesia. The supporting data for this calculation is obtained from energy use (kWh) per year in the building multiplied by conversion (emission) factor of 0.73 t-CO2/MWh.

Pascasarjana B Building is located in Pleburan Campus, into one area with Pascasarjana A Building. The B Building is south-headed orientation, it consists of six floors with gross area of 4,289 meter square. This building has approximately 372 occupants and the operational hour is 8 hours per day.

Energy use in the building is represented in the form of IEC (Intensity of Energy Consumption). From the data during 2013, IEC average of Pascasarjana B Building amounted to 58.56 kWh/m2 per year or 4.65 kWh/m2 per month. This evaluation results indicate the IEC electricity is eligible electric energy-saving and highly efficient classified according to the guidelines for the use of electricity to office buildings of the Ministry of National Education of Indonesia. Annual IEC in Indonesia defined 240 kWh/m2 per year, and for the Green Mark Singapore, IEC defined 215 kWh/m2 per year [7]. Although higher standards in Singapore, but the results shows that the building is still allowed to the maximum limit of the standard.

The prerequisite is a mandatory criteria that should be fulfilled before implementing assessment at another criteria. The prerequisite are installing the electrical sub-meter system and performing the OTTV calculation based on national standard for Energy Conservation of Building Envelope on Building [8]. The electrical sub-meter system aims to measure electrical consumption in each group of loads and equipment systems, including HVAC system, lighting system and other power system. In the building studied, the sub-meter system have not installed yet.

Energy efficiency measure criteria in this category have the highest points. Related with large energy consumption in a building, therefore there needs to be an effort to encourage energy savings through efficiency measures and conservation. Each standard has different criteria and assessment, depending on the critical issues emerging in the country. Indonesia set maximum standards for OTTV for 35 kWh/m2 per year. Whereas in some countries such as Hongkong set a maximum OTTV for 24 kWh/m2 per year.

There are 3 options to measuring in these criteria. Option 1, by using simulation modelling software, for examples: Energy-10, DOE-2, Energy Plus, BLAST, Ecotech, etc. the weakness of energy modelling is most of this software is quite complicated. It is better to use this software start from design phase. Option 2, by using worksheet excels from Greenship to calculate the energy consumption for each electrical system. The last is by measuring the component manually. The authors take the last one, because the data about building is very limited, so that the calculating result will be found much difficulty.

There are the benchmarks with a variety of alternative assessment. The Energy Efficiency Measure in Building B can be assessed by separately calculate of each component due to its integrity electricity meter system. The measures are as follows:

There are three points for the OTTV value under the maximum standard. Moreover, 2 points maximum for the OTTV reduction for every 2.5%. The steps of this calculation are determine area of opaque wall (Aw) and window to wall ratio, find α value, calculate thermal resistance, determine shading coefficient, solar factor and temperature equivalent, calculate the OTTV partial and calculate OTTV total [8].

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