When the plants are in active growth I fertilize quite often (with
every second or so watering) with a fairly diluted fertilizer solution
(1/3 - 1/2 of the strength recommended on the package). When I started
growing cacti I just used plain, all purpose fertilizer; then I
switched to a product formulated specifically for cactus, and now I'm
using Miracle-Gro Tomato Plant Food (NPK formulation: 18-18-21) which
seems to keep my plants happy - I don't think the NPK formulation
matters too much as long as you keep the nitrogen (N) fraction pretty
low.
I give my plants a thorough shower several times during the growing
season - both to control spider mites but also to wash out excess
fertilizer salts. Once in a while I also give the plants a shot of
algae extract, bought from Uhlig Kakteen. They say it contains 70
trace elements, vitamins, hormones, enzymes, amino acid and proteins.
Well, that's my 5 cents on the topic of fertilizing - I hope you can
use it as a starting point for experimenting with your own fertilizing
regime.