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Activation of T cells by antigen-presenting cells (APCs) depends on the complex integration of signals that are delivered by multiple antigen receptors. Most receptor-proximal activation events in T cells were identified using multivalent anti-receptor antibodies, eliminating the need to use the more complex APCs. As the physiological membrane-associated ligands on the APC and the activating antibodies probably trigger the same biochemical pathways, it is unknown why the antibodies, even at saturating concentrations, fail to trigger some of the physiological T-cell responses. Here we study, at the level of the single cell, the responses of T cells to native ligands. We used a digital imaging system and analysed the three-dimensional distribution of receptors and intracellular proteins that cluster at the contacts between T cells and APCs during antigen-specific interactions. Surprisingly, instead of showing uniform oligomerization, these proteins clustered into segregated three-dimensional domains within the cell contacts. The antigen-specific formation of these new, spatially segregated supramolecular activation clusters may generate appropriate physiological responses and may explain the high sensitivity of the T cells to antigen.
Three Valleys Municipal Water District is one of the 26 water agencies that makes up the Metropolitan Water District of Southern California (MWD). If you'd like more information about MWD, visit their website at www.mwdh2o.com
The Three Valleys Municipal Water District (TVMWD) was awarded its initial District of Distinction accreditation in 2014 by the Special District Leadership Foundation (SDLF) for its sound fiscal management policies and practices in District operations. TVMWD was reaccredited for another two years in June 2016, June 2018 and three years in June 2021.
Three Tomatoes has been serving decadent pastas, hand-tossed thin crust pizza, refreshing antipasti and innovative specials for 30 years. We believe in sourcing local ingredients and supporting our community in an effort to sustain our town and our planet while providing outstanding quality and service to our patrons. For three decades we have been buying local, knowing that supporting our farmers and producers is good for us, good for you, and good for our community.
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--> Overview of the Program Degree In Three is a special program designed to assist students who wish to graduate in three years or less. While all students are welcome to explore this path, Degree in Three is typically best for students who enter Florida State with college credit earned through AP, IB, AICE, or dual enrollment. Developed in the Division of Undergraduate Studies, Degree in Three is now managed in the Graduation Planning and Strategies Office.
Susan has fled to Latvia. Sadie hides in New Mexico. Beckett longs for Ireland. All three are alone; all three are haunted by their grandparents; all three hear the Big Bad Wolf scratching at the door. Three Houses is a post-pandemic open mic night parable about magic, madness, and the end of the world.
RUSH TICKETS: A limited number of $30 rush tickets will be available at select performances. Tickets will be available on a first-come-first-serve basis beginning 2 hours prior to the performance time. Please visit our box office or
call Ticket Services at 212-244-7529 for more information.
Signature Theatre recognizes the importance of providing a safe and informed environment for all our patrons. Three Houses contains sensory experiences and mature content which some individuals may find distressing, including: Strobe lighting, Loud noises, Haze, and smoking of herbal cigarettes.
If you require support or have concerns about these topics or sensory experiences, please know that assistance is available. NYC WELL offers 24/7, free, and confidential support and information through phone, text message (SMS), and online chat. You can reach out for help with issues such as: Emotional distress, trauma, anxiety, substance use, and relationship challenges.
Technically, a tuple of n numbers can be understood as the Cartesian coordinates of a location in a n-dimensional Euclidean space. The set of these n-tuples is commonly denoted R n , \displaystyle \mathbb R ^n, and can be identified to the pair formed by a n-dimensional Euclidean space and a Cartesian coordinate system.When n = 3, this space is called the three-dimensional Euclidean space (or simply "Euclidean space" when the context is clear).[2] In classical physics, it serves as a model of the physical universe, in which all known matter exists. When relativity theory is considered, it can be considered a local subspace of space-time.[3] While this space remains the most compelling and useful way to model the world as it is experienced,[4] it is only one example of a large variety of spaces in three dimensions called 3-manifolds. In this classical example, when the three values refer to measurements in different directions (coordinates), any three directions can be chosen, provided that these directions do not lie in the same plane. Furthermore, if these directions are pairwise perpendicular, the three values are often labeled by the terms width/breadth, height/depth, and length.
Books XI to XIII of Euclid's Elements dealt with three-dimensional geometry. Book XI develops notions of orthogonality and parallelism of lines and planes, and defines solids including parallelpipeds, pyramids, prisms, spheres, octahedra, icosahedra and dodecahedra. Book XII develops notions of similarity of solids. Book XIII describes the construction of the five regular Platonic solids in a sphere.
In the 17th century, three-dimensional space was described with Cartesian coordinates, with the advent of analytic geometry developed by Ren Descartes in his work La Gomtrie and Pierre de Fermat in the manuscript Ad locos planos et solidos isagoge (Introduction to Plane and Solid Loci), which was unpublished during Fermat's lifetime. However, only Fermat's work dealt with three-dimensional space.
In the 19th century, developments of the geometry of three-dimensional space came with William Rowan Hamilton's development of the quaternions. In fact, it was Hamilton who coined the terms scalar and vector, and they were first defined within his geometric framework for quaternions. Three dimensional space could then be described by quaternions q = a + u i + v j + w k \displaystyle q=a+ui+vj+wk which had vanishing scalar component, that is, a = 0 \displaystyle a=0 . While not explicitly studied by Hamilton, this indirectly introduced notions of basis, here given by the quaternion elements i , j , k \displaystyle i,j,k , as well as the dot product and cross product, which correspond to (the negative of) the scalar part and the vector part of the product of two vector quaternions.
It was not until Josiah Willard Gibbs that these two products were identified in their own right, and the modern notation for the dot and cross product were introduced in his classroom teaching notes, found also in the 1901 textbook Vector Analysis written by Edwin Bidwell Wilson based on Gibbs' lectures.
Also during the 19th century came developments in the abstract formalism of vector spaces, with the work of Hermann Grassmann and Giuseppe Peano, the latter of whom first gave the modern definition of vector spaces as an algebraic structure.
In mathematics, analytic geometry (also called Cartesian geometry) describes every point in three-dimensional space by means of three coordinates. Three coordinate axes are given, each perpendicular to the other two at the origin, the point at which they cross. They are usually labeled x, y, and z. Relative to these axes, the position of any point in three-dimensional space is given by an ordered triple of real numbers, each number giving the distance of that point from the origin measured along the given axis, which is equal to the distance of that point from the plane determined by the other two axes.[5]
Other popular methods of describing the location of a point in three-dimensional space include cylindrical coordinates and spherical coordinates, though there are an infinite number of possible methods. For more, see Euclidean space.
Two distinct points always determine a (straight) line. Three distinct points are either collinear or determine a unique plane. On the other hand, four distinct points can either be collinear, coplanar, or determine the entire space.
Two distinct lines can either intersect, be parallel or be skew. Two parallel lines, or two intersecting lines, lie in a unique plane, so skew lines are lines that do not meet and do not lie in a common plane.
Two distinct planes can either meet in a common line or are parallel (i.e., do not meet). Three distinct planes, no pair of which are parallel, can either meet in a common line, meet in a unique common point, or have no point in common. In the last case, the three lines of intersection of each pair of planes are mutually parallel.
This 3-sphere is an example of a 3-manifold: a space which is 'looks locally' like 3-D space. In precise topological terms, each point of the 3-sphere has a neighborhood which is homeomorphic to an open subset of 3-D space.
A surface generated by revolving a plane curve about a fixed line in its plane as an axis is called a surface of revolution. The plane curve is called the generatrix of the surface. A section of the surface, made by intersecting the surface with a plane that is perpendicular (orthogonal) to the axis, is a circle.
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