This is an excellent question and one that I wish more customers would ask...
Adobe includes a series of ant tasks for creating and deploying LCAs in the SDK that comes with the JEE version. The documentation has been removed from the Adobe site but can be found in
Wayback machine.
This gives you the basics. It only includes tasks for managing LCAs. We've written our own code to do some additional ancillary non-LCA tasks that you often need to do such as deploying a custom DSC, importing/exporting resources and importing/exporting service configurations and modifying service endpoint configurations.
Automated deployment is an important step in configuration management. When I'm developing LCAs, I generally do so on my local developer machine and then check in the result to source code control. I then use automated deployment to push it out to (and configure on) the testing and production servers. It takes some work to get it working at first, but it pays off in spades in the long run (both in terms of speed of deployment to higher environments and in lack of manual errors).
Regards,
Rob