Resin Key

[Lirim Collard]

Inpolymer chemistry and materials science, a resin is a solid or highly viscous substance of plant or synthetic origin that is typically convertible into polymers.[1] Resins are usually mixtures of organic compounds. This article focuses mainly on naturally occurring resins.

Plants secrete resins for their protective benefits in response to injury. Resins protect plants from insects and pathogens.[2] Resins confound a wide range of herbivores, insects, and pathogens, while the volatile phenolic compounds may attract benefactors such as parasitoids or predators of the herbivores that attack the plant.[3]

Most plant resins are composed of terpenes. Specific components are alpha-pinene, beta-pinene, delta-3 carene, and sabinene, the monocyclic terpenes limonene and terpinolene, and smaller amounts of the tricyclic sesquiterpenes, longifolene, caryophyllene, and delta-cadinene. Some resins also contain a high proportion of resin acids. Rosins on the other hand are less volatile and consist of diterpenes among other compounds.[citation needed]

Amber is fossil resin (also called resinite) from coniferous and other tree species. Copal, kauri gum, dammar and other resins may also be found as subfossil deposits. Subfossil copal can be distinguished from genuine fossil amber because it becomes tacky when a drop of a solvent such as acetone or chloroform is placed on it.[4]African copal and the kauri gum of New Zealand are also procured in a semi-fossil condition.

Rosin is a solidified resin from which the volatile terpenes have been removed by distillation. Typical rosin is a transparent or translucent mass, with a vitreous fracture and a faintly yellow or brown colour, non-odorous or having only a slight turpentine odour and taste. Rosin is insoluble in water, mostly soluble in alcohol, essential oils, ether, and hot fatty oils. Rosin softens and melts when heated and burns with a bright but smoky flame.

Rosin consists of a complex mixture of different substances including organic acids named the resin acids. Related to the terpenes, resin acid is oxidized terpenes. Resin acids dissolve in alkalis to form resin soaps, from which the resin acids are regenerated upon treatment with acids. Examples of resin acids are abietic acid (sylvic acid), C20H30O2, plicatic acid contained in cedar, and pimaric acid, C20H30O2, a constituent of galipot resin. Abietic acid can also be extracted from rosin by means of hot alcohol.

Rosin is obtained from pines and some other plants, mostly conifers.[5] Plant resins are generally produced as stem secretions, but in some Central and South American species of Dalechampia and Clusia they are produced as pollination rewards, and used by some stingless bee species in nest construction.[6][7] Propolis, consisting largely of resins collected from plants such as poplars and conifers, is used by honey bees to seal small gaps in their hives, while larger gaps are filled with beeswax.[8]

Human use of plant resins has a very long history that was documented in ancient Greece by Theophrastus, in ancient Rome by Pliny the Elder, and especially in the resins known as frankincense and myrrh, prized in ancient Egypt.[9] These were highly prized substances, and required as incense in some religious rites.

The word resin comes from French resine, from Latin resina "resin", which either derives from or is a cognate of the Greek ῥητίνη rhētnē "resin of the pine", of unknown earlier origin, though probably non-Indo-European.[10][11]

The word "resin" has been applied in the modern world to nearly any component of a liquid that will set into a hard lacquer or enamel-like finish. An example is nail polish. Certain "casting resins" and synthetic resins (such as epoxy resin) have also been given the name "resin".

Some naturally-derived resins, when soft, are known as 'oleoresins', and when containing benzoic acid or cinnamic acid they are called balsams. Oleoresins are naturally-occurring mixtures of an oil and a resin; they can be extracted from various plants. Other resinous products in their natural condition are a mix with gum or mucilaginous substances and known as gum resins. Several natural resins are used as ingredients in perfumes, e.g., balsams of Peru and tolu, elemi, styrax, and certain turpentines.[5]

Other liquid compounds found inside plants or exuded by plants, such as sap, latex, or mucilage, are sometimes confused with resin but are not the same. Saps, in particular, serve a nutritive function that resins do not.

Plant resins are valued for the production of varnishes, adhesives, and food glazing agents. They are also prized as raw materials for the synthesis of other organic compounds and provide constituents of incense and perfume. The oldest known use of plant resin comes from the late Middle Stone Age in Southern Africa where it was used as an adhesive for hafting stone tools.[12]

The hard transparent resins, such as the copals, dammars, mastic, and sandarac, are principally used for varnishes and adhesives, while the softer odoriferous oleo-resins (frankincense, elemi, turpentine, copaiba), and gum resins containing essential oils (ammoniacum, asafoetida, gamboge, myrrh, and scammony) are more used for therapeutic purposes, food and incense. The resin of the Aleppo Pine is used to flavour retsina, a Greek resinated wine.[13]

While animal resins are not as common as either plant or synthetic resins some animal resins like lac (obtained from Kerria lacca) are used for applications like sealing wax in India,[14] and lacquerware in Sri Lanka.[citation needed]

Many materials are produced via the conversion of synthetic resins to solids. Important examples are bisphenol A diglycidyl ether, which is a resin converted to epoxy glue upon the addition of a hardener. Silicones are often prepared from silicone resins via room temperature vulcanization. Alkyd resins are used in paints and varnishes and harden or cure by exposure to oxygen in the air.[15]

Strep-TactinXT 4Flow high capacity is perfectly suited for purifying Strep-tagII or Twin-Strep-tag fusion proteins. This resin offers excellent pressure stability, pH compatibility, and target purity (> 95%). Additionally, this resin is compatible with a broad range of reagents.

Its high binding affinity makes it ideal for low abundant, high-expressing and challenging proteins. A low concentration of agarose also facilitates the purification of large proteins (>90 kDa). When working with, for example, multimeric proteins, choosing a resin with the Strep-Tactin ligand is recommended.

Strep-TactinXT 4Flow high capacity resin has a higher density of immobilized Strep-TactinXT than the classic Strep-TactinXT 4Flowand thus can bind more protein.

As the resin is optimized for column affinity chromatography, rather than batch purification, the suspension can be used to pack gravity flow columns.

If you want more information, check out our resin specification overview.

Items returned within 30 days of purchase with a return authorization number on the outside and inside of the return box will be credited 100%. Product returned between 31 and 60 days from purchase date is subject to a 20% restocking fee. Ultradent will not accept returns after 60 days. Errors in shipment must be reported within 14 days of invoice date. All return authorization numbers become invalid 90 days after date of issue. A return authorization number must accompany all returns to receive proper credit. Please contact Customer Service at 800.552.5512 for assistance.

Composite Wetting Resin is a 45% filled,1 light-cured, liquid resin. Use Composite Wetting Resin during incremental layering of composite use materials. We recommend it to be used when the oxygen-inhibited layer has been removed or disturbed (e.g., washing the composite surface following contamination). Composite Wetting Resin may be placed on the composite surface if it has become dry while contouring composite. Use Composite Wetting Resin on an instrument or brush to enhance glide. Composite Wetting Resin greatly facilitates adaptation of the composite restoration and preparation.

Precision Model Resin is a high-accuracy material for creating restorative models with >99% of printed surface area within 100 μm of the digital model. Create beautiful models with crisp margin lines thanks to high opacity, beige color, and a smooth, matte finish to capture fine details.

Formlabs manufactures our BioMed and Medical Device Resins at our FDA Registered facility in Ohio. These materials are designed and manufactured within our robust Quality Management System that is ISO 13485 and EU MDR certified. A dedicated team of operators and quality assurance professionals make the resins inside a certified ISO Class 8 clean room. All of our Medical Device Resins are appropriately registered with FDA and CE marked according to the EU MDR. View our ISO 13485 certification.

*Material properties may vary based on part geometry, print orientation, print settings, temperature, and disinfection or sterilization methods used. Data were measured on post-cured samples printed on a Form 3B with 100m LT Comfort Resin settings, washed in a Form Wash and cured in a Form Cure according to the Manufacturing Guide. Dental LT Comfort Resin was tested at NAMSA World Headquarters, OH, USA.

J-Temp temporary resin is a radiopaque, light-cured, flowable, methacrylate-based resin that provides a durable, temporary material for multiple clinical indications. J-Temp resin is self-leveling,1 has less than a 5% shrinkage rate,1 and its distinctive purple color can be easily differentiated from enamel and dentin.1 With such versatility and quality, J-Temp temporary resin will quickly become a mainstay in your practice.

however, I have done follow on prints without draining the tank... and got away with it!...

I sweep the bottom of the tank with a flat edged spatula, feeling for bits stuck to the FEP... haven't found any yet, if the previous print didn't fail....

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