Design Expert 8 Cracked Version Of Technic 26
Melvin Amey
I have a problem that's been bugging me for at least a week now. I'm in the process of designing a 4 section boom powered by lego chains for a large-scale sky-trak (telehandler). Now I'm stuck on how to make a "sliding gear" on a axle a lot like how a worm gear "slides" freely and "grips" on the axle but with a 16t or 24t gear.
It's hard to say what is legal and what is illegal anymore. Especially after building the 8043. I never thought that I would see a technic set released from Lego that would have only 1/2 a stud of the end of an axle catching only a 1/2 of a stud of another piece.
The studless have SEVERAL advantages over the studded design especially when you want to include moving parts. Just the clearances between connections is important. Sariel sums it up in his book well. He says there are advantages to both systems (stud-full, for example, are more rigid) but the fact that the stud-less look more realistic and, of course, the clearances, make a huge difference. I think the change was NECESSARY to build more realistic models (realistic looking, arguably, but the new models are very mechanically clever in ways that would be impossible with the stud-full parts).
According to Jamie Berard, these advantages were a major part of the gradual migration, as was a flaw in the studded beam design-- the holes in studded technic bricks are placed slightly incorrectly according to the LEGO "System". That means for technic model designers, working with studded beams (and staying "In System") provides many difficult challenges.
Also, the studded beams had some design issues. The obvious one is the offset between the Technic holes and the studs, which isn't exactly a problem but can still be a nuisance at times. The less obvious one is that the Technic hole in beams is actually slightly too high, meaning it doesn't interact well with the rest of the system. See also this answer and the linked pdf inside for more information on illegal builds. These two design "flaws" didn't matter much when the beams were first created, but nowadays LEGO perceives this sort of incompatibility much more seriously. They still produce studded beams, but I wouldn't venture a guess on how long that will last.
The design is also not ideal from a rigidity or symmetry point of view. There's a solid bar of plastic along the top under the studs, but just two thin sidewalls at the bottom. That means the centre of flexion along the beam is much closer to the top than the bottom, and I suspect that getting the moulding temperature and pressure right to get straight beams is harder than for symmetrical parts.
I have to chime in here that I've thought about this for a long time. I believe the all out move to studless is primarily driven by patenting, and only secondarily by improved realness. Lego had used the studded design for decades prior to the switch; they began full transition in close proximity to the original patents expiring and beginning to lose patent lawsuits. What is the only solution to that?
Branding (read: licensed themes) and new ideas (read: new patents). When it comes down to it, that toy company we all love(d) is actually a very well-managed business with strong survival technics (pun intended:)
The benefits of having these curved bricks are just better designed models. Set 8880 (the big Technic car from 1994) is an example how Lego had to go trough great lengths to get corners and angles in their design. With studless bricks you can have the angles and corners already. I think it is an improvement.
What I find really weird is that the studless beams aren't square in cross-section. How difficult would it have been to make them exactly square? But instead the width between the surfaces with the holes in them is the same width as a studded beam, while the width between the smooth surfaces is very slightly less. Although this doesn't matter in all the typical vehicle-builds that lego make, it's decidedly untidy when combining studded and studless, and it makes for unnecessary headaches if you try to build anything unusual (for example you need a studless beam to slide exactly in a hole, smoothly but without undue sideways wiggle). It seems very un-Lego, where normally the dimensions are either set by history, or designed so that all sorts of unexpected constructions remain possible.
I notice that the whole studded versus studless argument didn't develop in the straightforward way most of us expected. Lego Creator has become quite "technical" in its construction, while remaining studless - a lot of the old studded technical pieces are staples of Creator, and odd studless bits drop into it too. To my mind, Creator is often where Lego is at its most creative. So presumably the cost of making studded "technical" Lego wasn't so disastrous.
Studless beams (studs are the bumps traditionally associated with Lego parts), referred to as 'liftarms', were first introduced in 1989 and through the 1990s and 2000s, an increasing number of liftarm designs have been introduced over time.
In addition to standard gears, some kits include a rack, a clutch, and even worm gears and differential gears. The original differential from 1980 had a 28 tooth bevel gear, designed to be meshed with the 14 tooth bevel gears (replaced by the 12 tooth gears) to give 2:1 reduction. They can also be meshed with the newer double bevel gears. It was replaced in 1994 by a newer design incorporating 16-tooth and 24-tooth gears on opposite sides of the casing. The casing holds three 12 tooth bevel gears inside. In 2008, an updated version of the original differential has been released, optimised for studless construction with a 28 tooth bevel gear on the outside and three 12 tooth gears on the inside. With the release of the 'Top Gear Rally Car' (42109) in 2020, yet another differential was created with a 28 tooth double bevel gear and five 12 tooth gears on the inside so that the differential could be rotated with gears above and next to the differential.
Although liftarms (studless beams) have been present in Technic sets since 1989, the change from primarily studded to primarily studless construction around the year 2000 represented a major paradigm shift and has been quite controversial. Initially liftarms were used primarily as styling parts, or to create smaller sub-assemblies which attached to a studded chassis. With an increasing number of liftarm designs introduced, a tipping point was reached around the year 2000 with models introduced primarily constructed from liftarms instead of traditional beams.
With these sets it is possible to build or convert manually-operated mechanical movement to motorized using electric motors which are controlled via switches or IR remote control. Lego has already started to design and sell Lego Technic models (sets) which can be easily retrofitted with the Power Functions system or third-party alternatives. For example, models like the 8294 Excavator and 8295 Telescopic Handler are sold like classic Lego Technic models with manual motorization but are designed with free space for the Power Functions components with factory instructions on how to perform the conversion to an electrically operated model.
I set about designing an experiment to establish whether there was a qualitative difference in friction demonstrated between the two types of Technic Pin. While lacking a dynamometer to measure the force required to extract each pin, I can probably do an experiment that demonstrated the resistance that the pin has to rotation.
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Bernard Stiegler (2010, 2013) is deeply concerned with how processes of digitisation affects human thought and action. Inspired by Heidegger and Gilbert Simondon, he argues for a phenomenology of technics where the very evolution of technology gives rise to the human condition and fundamentally frames our view of the world. This originary and inextricable relation further extends to our experience of temporality and (in a departure from Heidegger) Stiegler posits that the only access to an affective and authentic experience of time is via technics as technology and objects are necessary mediators of our relation to both past and present (Stiegler 1998:135). Humans and technics co-evolve; had we not used the tools we had, we would not have become who we are and, as for the blind man with his cane variously discussed by Merleau-Ponty (2005:165) and Bateson (1972:324) it makes little sense to ask where technics stops and human begins in this existential entanglement. For Stiegler this interdependence extends to all of us, all the time; we are all, always and already, extending our bodily and cognitive faculties via technical prostheses. In this perspective, we cannot escape the deep historical and transformative influence of technics as little as we can escape the evolutionary history of our species. They inextricably entwine; technics is a constantly evolving prosthesis for the creative extension of our embodied and imaginative abilities, including the ability to anticipate (design) and implement (fabricate) different futures.
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