If the device creates a /dev node there is probably no issue with the
driver. The default Arduino speed is now 57,600, are you sure 9,600 is
right? Before that it was 38,400. Use the ICSP interface to flash a
program that prints things via serial and see if you can receive them.
If your serial connection is unreliable you will get garbled
characters.
Avrdude should eventually time out with a message, what is that message?
I have been experiencing similar problems that you have described with
various Arduino and Arduino-derived boards and so far have not been
able to explain it. Most of the time they work perfectly but some do
not and the bootloader seems to refuse to work.
R0b0t1.