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Cuasimodo Onaba
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Background: There has been no nationwide study in Japan on reasons for extraction of permanent teeth. This survey was aimed to determine the reasons for extraction of permanent teeth in Japan.
Methods: Five thousand, one hudred and thirty-one dentists were selected by systematic selection from the 2004 membership directory of the Japan Dental Association. The dentists selected were asked to record the reason for each extraction of permanent teeth during a period of one week from February 1 through 7, 2005. Reasons for tooth extraction were assigned to five groups: caries, fracture of teeth weakened by caries or endodontics, periodontal diseases, orthodontics, and other reasons.
Results: A total of 2,001 dentists (response rate of 39.1%) returned the questionnaires, and information on 9,115 extracted teeth from 7,499 patients was obtained. The results showed that caries and its sequela (totally 43.3%, 32.7% and 10.6%, respectively) and periodontal disease (41.8%) were the main reasons for teeth extraction. Extraction due to caries or fracture was commonly observed in all age groups over 15 years of age, whereas periodontal disease was predominant in the groups over 45 years of age.
Aims and methods: A national representative sample of current (past 30-day) e-cigarette users in grades 6-12 was analyzed using the National Youth Tobacco Survey (NYTS), conducted from January to March 2020. An exploratory oblique factor analysis using a rotated pattern matrix to select salient variable-factor relationships yielded four subscales related to reasons for youth e-cigarette use. Multivariate logistic regressions were performed to assess the associations of each subscale with vaping patterns (frequent e-cigarette use, dual use of e-cigarettes and other tobacco products) and vaping cessation behaviors (intention to quit vaping and past-year quit attempts).
Conclusions: Adolescents vape for various reasons that follow distinct patterns and user characteristics. Overall, interventions tailored to address heterogeneous reasons for vaping may help optimize the reduction in youth e-cigarette use.
Implications: E-cigarettes have surpassed cigarettes and become the most commonly used tobacco product by US youths. Adolescents choose to vape for different reasons. This study examined reasons for youth e-cigarette use and their associations with vaping patterns and cessation behaviors. The product characteristics factor (eg, flavors, concealability, and vape tricks) was associated with more frequent e-cigarette use and lower odds of cessation behaviors, suggesting a need for flavor bans and product design regulation.
The ballad is considered a love song by listeners and fans and as such, is often played at weddings - a fact that surprised band members, since the song and lyrics tell a story about a one-night stand ("Longing to love you, just for a night"). After the couple makes love, disillusionment strikes. ("After the love game has been played / All our illusions were just a parade / And all our reasons have to fade.") [3]
ViiV Healthcare's Risk to Reasons initiative increases awareness and action around HIV prevention and care for Black women of cis and trans experience. Guided by advocates across the country, the initiative reframes "risk" to "reasons" for prevention and care. With new content, convenings and funding for community action, Risk to Reasons is the largest philanthropic investment dedicated to Black women's needs, voices and leadership related to HIV in the U.S.
Let your impact last all year by becoming a monthly donor to St. Jude Children's Research Hospital. A monthly gift is one of the best ways to support the fight against childhood cancer and other life-threatening diseases. Let's count the reasons why...
Each card network defines hundreds of codes representing very specific reasons for dispute claims, many of which overlap across all the networks that Stripe does business with. Stripe maps each network code into one of eight categories, based on the general claim and the evidence you need to submit to effectively challenge that type of claim.
Those are just a few of literally dozens of potential chargeback reasons. That said, we should also discuss their root causes. Generally speaking, we can divide all dispute reasons into one of three main categories:
This makes matters very complicated for merchants. Extreme cases of fraud can be addressed or prevented, but those chargebacks in the middle typically do not have such clear-cut solutions. In most cases, disputes should be fought and overturned. However, there may also be things that a merchant can do to prevent disputes with similar stated chargeback reasons from occurring in the future.
And so, my fellow scientists: ask not what you can do for reproducibility; ask what reproducibility can do for you! Here, I present five reasons why working reproducibly pays off in the long run and is in the self-interest of every ambitious, career-oriented scientist.
I developed the selfish approach to reproducibility for a Postdoc Masterclass on Reproducibility that I taught at the Gurdon Institute in Cambridge together with Gordon Brown (CRUK Cambridge Institute) and Stephen J. Eglen (DAMTP Cambridge). I thank them for their input. All materials for this class are available from GitHub at -core-shared-training/rep-research-masterclass and my talk is documented on my blog at -selfish-reasons-for-working-reproducibly/.
To better assist applicants and licensees and streamline the processing of their applications for a registration, license, certificate, or permit, the Bureau has compiled a list of common reasons the processing of an initial or renewal application is delayed. Please review the information below prior to submitting your application to prevent any unnecessary delays:
Select your mobile carrier Select your mobile carrierBoost MobileCricket WirelessAlltelGoogle FiMetroPCSAT&TRepublic WirelessSprintT-MobileVerizonU.S. CellularVirgin Mobile We'll only use this mobile number to send this link Legal reasons a judge can annul your marriageSome marriages are never legal in CaliforniaThese are called void marriages. If your marriage is void, the judge can annul your marriage. A marriage is void if it's based on
The HyperText Transfer Protocol (HTTP) 451 Unavailable For Legal Reasons client error response code indicates that the user requested a resource that is not available due to legal reasons, such as a web page for which a legal action has been issued.
Analyzing the reasons why your customers might be unhappy can shed light on any chargeback problems you might be having and show you where you need to improve your customer service and other business operations.
There are many clinical reasons for needing root canal treatment, but there are also countless practical reasons why saving the natural tooth is a wise choice. Endodontic treatment helps you maintain your natural smile, continue eating the foods you love and limits the need for ongoing dental work. With proper care, most teeth that have had root canal treatment can last a lifetime.
Humans engage in practical reasoning: they deliberate about what to doand how to do it. And they often act in light of reasons which canthen explain their actions, and may also justify them.These ideas go back to Plato (Protagoras andRepublic, Book 4) and Aristotle (De Anima, see esp.III.10; see also Price 2011). They have been a constant theme indiscussions of the character of human behaviour in the history ofphilosophy. In the 18th century, David Hume and ImmanuelKant offered radically different views about the role and importanceof Reason (the faculty of reason) in guiding and justifying humanactions. Their contributions remain influential today, but in thesecond half of the 20th century, the focus shifted fromdiscussion of the faculty of reason to discussion of the very conceptof a reason and to questions about different kinds of reasons andtheir interconnections.
But what sort of thing is a normative reason? What gives reasons theirnormative force, so that they can make it right for someone to dosomething? And what determines whether there is such a reason and towhom it applies? These and related questions have received muchphilosophical attention in recent years.
These considerations against a three-part classification of reasons,though plausible, are not decisive. First, the fact that the samereason can answer different questions does not show that the questionsare not importantly different and, consequently that the reasons thatanswer those questions are not of different kinds. We saw that to beso for normative and motivating reasons: the same reason can answer aquestion about motivation and one about justification. And yet, thatdoes not blur the difference between those questions, nor does itundermine the importance of recognising the corresponding two kinds ofreasons. So the same may be true for motivating and explanatoryreasons.
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