Exploring individual differences in heritage language development: A large-scale study of Japanese child heritage speakers
Maki Kubota (University of Minho & University of Bergen)
This talk examines how heritage language (HL) vocabulary and grammar develop across childhood and adolescence, and how children’s bilingual experience shapes these outcomes. Using large-scale data from 447 Japanese heritage speakers and 120 monolingual peers, I show when HL performance begins to diverge from their monolingual peers despite comparable demographic backgrounds. Using the Q-BEx questionnaire as a comprehensive measure of bilingual experience, I identify latent experiential dimensions that predict individual differences in vocabulary and in the development of classifiers, case marking, and morphological passives. I further illustrate how the effects of these child-level factors change with age, and how controlling for them clarifies the role of cross-linguistic influence. Together, these findings advance our understanding of HL bilingualism by demonstrating that children’s grammatical development is not simply delayed or incomplete, but dynamically shaped by the interaction of language experience, age, and linguistic structure.