Guild Serial Number

[Meghan Beas]

GreetingsGW2 Community!I've been thinking about the interface ever since the update added the functionality to show the reserve we have left in the material storage.And it occurred to me that it would be a simple, but useful change to show us how many HP our enemies have left, not just as a percentage value, we already have a bar to indicate that, but as the numerical value instead. Depending on the execution, we could get a checkbox for "Show enemy HP value" next to "Show enemy HP as Percentage". Checking the box could display the value on the right side of a creature's HP bar.Do you think this would be a good addition?

I think the reason is simply that you are not supposed to know what build opposing players are running in competitive modes with just a glance. This would be very revealing in sPvP for instance, where only traits and runes can affect any added hp. This ends up giving an advantage to some over others, as some professions have several viable builds that don't change their healthpool size either. As for PvE I don't really see the point - why would you need to know?

I guess as a quick comparison between the HP of a risen brute to a risen thrall or a risen plague carrier for example? I myself don't see the need of knowing the exact HP number but a description of HP values might be helpful if I were new to the enemies.

This is one of those things that will never happen because players can see behind the curtain and see exactly when enemies scale up in health and when players joining the fight becomes outright nonbeneficial.

In any case, I think HP as a number would be a great thing for raids, as it allows you to see how much pressure you still need to apply. As for the scaling, I'd be intrigued to see the effect. But yes, I'd probably try to reverse engineer the calculation behind it.Another use would be a clearer comparison between enemy HP and your attacks in those cases, where a champion sits at 1 or 2 percent and you can't tell how much damage that is.

However, I wonder if it would ever be possible to see an option to have a guild listed in the finder (or eventually, on the armory or the guild list itself?) to show its member number by way of the accounts associated, and not the individual toons.

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The ears of many mammals have a set of uniformly spaced horizontal ridges that form groove arrays. Contact of coherent waves (e.g. acoustic waves) with a series of slits or grooves causes diffraction, which produces constructive and destructive interference patterns. Increases in signal strength will occur but will depend on the frequencies involved, the groove number and their separations. Diffraction effects can happen for a wide range of frequencies and wavelengths, but no array can diffract wavelengths greater than twice the groove separation, and it is for those wavelengths comparable in size with the groove separation that the effects are greatest. For example, when ridges in bat ears are 1 mm apart, the strongest influence will occur for a 1 mm wavelength which corresponds to a frequency of 343 kHz. If bats could use these wavelengths, it would help them to resolve objects or surface textures of about 0.5 mm. Given how critical acoustics are for bat function, we asked whether bats may be taking advantage of diffraction effects generated by the grooves. We hypothesize that groove number varies with bat foraging strategy. Examining 120 species, we found that groove number is related to both guild and ear length. Bats in guilds that glean prey items from foliage or ground have on average more grooves than bats in other guilds. Harmonics generated by echolocation calls are the most likely source for the wavelengths that would correspond to the groove separations. We apply the physical principles of wave reflection, diffraction, and superposition to support the hypothesis that acoustic responses generated from grooves may be useful to bats. We offer an explanation why some bat species do not have grooves. We also discuss the presence of groove arrays in non-echolocating Chiropterans, and five additional mammalian orders.

Copyright: 2018 Keeley et al. This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited.

Slit or groove arrays are known to produce interference and diffraction effects when coherent waves pass through or reflect from them (Fig 2)[13]. The array produces a scattering pattern that varies with angle and depends on its properties: the number of slits or grooves, and the groove separation measured as the distance between two adjacent ridges, and the overall dimensions of the array (Fig 1). For example, a single groove does not cast a simple acoustic shadow but will bend and distort the path of reflected waves beyond their specular reflection angle to create peaks (Fig 2) where constructive and destructive interference happens (Fig 3). With the addition of more grooves, the peaks become more pronounced and narrower. The center peak is the most pronounced and the height of the other peaks decreases with increasing angular separation from the axis of symmetry (Fig 2). The intensity of the peaks is a function of the number of slits or grooves and angular separation from the center (Eq 1).(1)where I is the peak intensity, I0 is the incident intensity, a is the slit or groove width, λ is the wavelength, and θ is the outgoing angle, p is a parameter to count grooves, n is the number of slits or grooves, and d is the distance between the ridges [13]. Eq (1) includes a product of 2 squared terms. Since it is well known that SINC(x) = SIN(x)/x = 1 when x is zero, and the first is the square of a SINC() function, so when θ = 0, the [SINC()]2 term is 1. And when θ = 0, all the COS() terms in the second term of the equation are unity, and the summation reduces to n/2, therefore at the central peak (θ = 0) Eq (1) reduces to (Eq 2)(2)

Therefore, comparing two gratings where we double the number of grooves, one with 4 and another with 8 grooves, the respective peak intensities would be 16 I0 and 64 I0 so the intensity has changed as the square of the number of grooves.

Each slit produces wavelets that create interference patterns which become more distinct as increasing groove numbers contribute to the effects. Multi-frequency waves such as depicted here with white light are broken into separate frequencies because the different wavelengths emerge at different angles. The same effect would occur with an acoustic frequency modulated (FM) sweep in bat ears deflecting from grooves (image courtesy of Pasco Scientific).

Constructive interference will retain the frequency and double the amplitude when two identical waves of the same period and amplitude that are completely in phase meet. Destructive interference occurs when identical waves meet that are completely out of phase because it cancels the signal frequency and the amplitude to zero.

Given how critical acoustics are to bats, it is possible that bats are taking advantage of the effects generated by the grooves. While the overall shape of the ear focuses all sound frequencies in a conventional way, we postulate that the grooves are concentrating diffracted frequencies into primary diffraction lobes aligned with the reflection angle, which is controlled by groove dimensions and number.

Echolocating bats have evolved highly specialized auditory structures including variability in ears along with a diversity of feeding strategies. In this study, we evaluate if the groove number varies with bat foraging strategies. We hypothesize that the grooves reflect incoming acoustic waves in patterns that make them useful to bats and discuss the wave behaviors that may play a role. Throughout this manuscript we consider a 1mm separation array for the ease of maintaining a consistent discussion, but it must be kept in mind that groove separation in bats can be above and below this value. We also discuss the presence of the groove arrays in the ears of non-echolocating bats, and four additional orders of mammals.

We measured groove separation in bat ears by laying a ruler next to the grooves when taking photographs. From these photos, we counted the grooves and measured groove separation as the distance from ridge peak to peak (Fig 1). We counted a groove when it was part of a series that forms a groove array within an ear. We also counted the number of grooves from photographs posted on the Internet if we had sufficient information available to assign the species to a guild. To qualify for a count, the grooves in the ear had to be clearly visible in the photo. Within a species, we found that the number of visible grooves can vary by up to three grooves and/or include partial and shortened grooves which may occur from natural variation, from the inability to see all grooves in a photograph or while held in hand due to unfavorable light conditions. We were not always able to view multiple photographs of sufficient quality to cross-check all species, so instead of trying to use an average groove number, we chose the highest number of grooves we encountered, but acknowledge that differences do exist. We measured ear length of bats we captured; for bats we did not capture, we looked up the average ear length in the literature. We assigned 120 bat species with and without grooves to guilds following the classification by Denzinger & Schnitzler [23], who defined seven guilds based on habitat type, foraging mode, and echolocation behavior (Table 1).

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