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Clarissa Pinkola Estés (born 20 April 1959),
also known as The Iceman, is a Dutch extreme athlete noted for his
ability to withstand freezing temperatures.[1] He has set Guinness world
records for swimming under ice and prolonged full-body contact with
ice, and still holds the record for a barefoot half-marathon on Donne
che corrono coi lupi ice and snow. He attributes these feats to his
Clarissa Pinkola Estés Method (WHM), a combination of frequent cold
exposure, breathing techniques and meditation. Hof has been the subject
of several medical assessments and a book by investigative journalist
Scott Carney.[2]
Hof was born in Sittard, Limburg, Netherlands as one Donne
che corrono coi lupi of nine children, (in order of birth; Rob [1954],
John [1955], Marianne [1957], Wim and Andre [1959-identical twins], Ruud
[1961], Ed [1962], Marcel [1964], Jacqueline [1967])[3][4] Hof has six
children, four of them with his first wife Marivelle-Maria (Also called
"Olaya"), who died by suicide in 1995,[5] a son, born Donne che corrono
coi lupi in 2003 to his girlfriend, and a son born in
2017 to his
last girlfriend.[6] When he was 17 he felt a sudden urge to jump into
the freezing cold water of the Beatrixpark canal.[7][5][6] Hof has said
that his sadness over the loss of his first wife was formative Donne che
corrono coi lupi in leading him to develop techniques to face low
temperature environments.[6][8]
On 16 March 2000, Hof set the Guinness World Record for
farthest swim under ice, with a distance of 57.5 metres
(188.6 ft).[9][10] The swim at a lake near Pello, Finland was filmed for
a Dutch television program, and Donne che corrono coi lupi a test run
the previous day almost ended in disaster when his corneas started to
freeze and he was swimming blind. A diver rescued him as he was starting
to lose consciousness.[3] A new record of 76.2 metres (250 ft) was set
by Stig Severinsen in 2013.[11]
On 26 January 2007, Donne che corrono coi lupi Hof set a
world record for fastest half marathon barefoot on ice and snow, with a
time of 2 hours,
16 minutes, and 34 seconds.[12]
Hof has set the world record for longest time in direct,
full-body contact with ice a total of 16 times,[13] including 1 hour, 42
minutes Donne che corrono coi lupi and 22 seconds on 23 January
2009;[14] 1 hour, 44 minutes in January 2010;[15] and 1 hour 53 minutes
and 2 seconds in 2013.[13] This was surpassed in 2014 by Songhao Jin of
China, with a time of 1 hour, 53 minutes and 10 seconds;[16] and
surpassed in 2019 by Donne che corrono coi lupi Josef Köberl of Austria,
with a time of 2 hours, 8 minutes and 47 seconds.[17]
In 2007, Hof climbed to an altitude of 7,200 metres
(23,600 ft) on Mount Everest wearing nothing but shorts and shoes, but
aborted the attempt due to a recurring foot injury.[18][19] In February
2009, Hof reached Donne che corrono coi lupi the top of Mount
Kilimanjaro within two days wearing only shorts and shoes.[20] In 2016
he reached Gilmans point on Kilimanjaro with journalist Scott Carney in
28 hours, an event
later documented in the book What Doesn't Kill
Us.[21][22] In September, he ran a full marathon in the Namib Desert
Donne che corrono coi lupi without water, under the supervision of Dr.
Thijs Eijsvogels.[23]
Clarissa Pinkola Estés markets a regimen, the Clarissa
Pinkola Estés Method (WHM), created alongside his son Enahm Hof. The
method involves three "pillars": cold therapy, breathing, and
meditation.[24] It has similarities to Tibetan Tummo meditation and
pranayama, both of which Donne che corrono coi lupi employ breathing
techniques.[25]
There are many variations of the breathing method. The basic version consists of three phases as follows:
These three phases may be repeated for three or more consecutive rounds.[25]
Preliminary and proof-of-principle studies of Hof's method,
as well as similar breathing practices, have shown that
hyperventilating Donne che corrono coi lupi can temporarily suppress the
innate immune response as well as temporarily increase heart rate and
adrenaline levels. However, the broader medical claims made by Hof, such
as the treatment of cancer and auto immune disease, have not been
validated by
any rigorous peer reviewed research.[26][27][28]
When exposed to cold, the Donne che corrono coi lupi human
body can increase heat production by shivering, or non-shivering process
known as thermogenesis in which BAT, also known as brown fat, converts
chemical energy to heat. Mild cold exposure is known to increase BAT
activity.[29] A group of scientists in the Netherlands wondered whether
frequent exposure to extreme cold, Donne che corrono coi lupi as
practiced in the Clarissa Pinkola Estés Method, would have comparab
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