Cd Storage Options

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For cost comparisons, see disk pricing.If you are not sure which option to use,for earlier generation machine series, the most common solution is toadd a Balanced Persistent Disk volume toyour VM and for the latest machine series,add a Hyperdisk volume toyour compute instance.

By default, each Compute Engine VM has a single bootdisk that contains the operating system. The boot disk data is typically storedon a Persistent Disk orHyperdisk Balanced volume. When your applications requireadditional storage space, you can provision one or more of the followingstorage volumes to your VM.

Persistent Disk volumes are durable network storage devices that your virtualmachine (VM) instances can access like physical disks in a desktop or a server.The data on each Persistent Disk volume is distributed across several physicaldisks. Compute Engine manages the physical disks and the datadistribution for you to ensure redundancy and optimal performance.

Persistent Disk volumes are located independently from your VM,so you can detach or move Persistent Disk volumes to keep your data even after youdelete your VMs. Persistent Disk performance scales automatically withsize, so you can resize your existing Persistent Disk volumes or add morePersistent Disk volumes to a VM to meet your performance and storage spacerequirements.

Disk durability represents the probability of data loss, by design, for atypical disk in a typical year, using a set of assumptions about hardwarefailures, the likelihood of catastrophic events, isolation practices andengineering processes in Google data centers, and the internal encodings usedby each disk type. Persistent Disk data loss events are extremely rare and havehistorically been the result of coordinated hardware failures, software bugs, ora combination of the two. Google also takes many steps to mitigate theindustry-wide risk of silent data corruption.Human error by a Google Cloud customer, such as when a customeraccidentally deletes a disk, is outside the scope of Persistent Disk durability.

There is a very small risk of data loss occurring with a regional persistentdisk due to its internal data encodings and replication. Regional persistentdisks provide twice as many replicas as zonal Persistent Disk, with theirreplicas distributed between two zones in the same region, so they providehigh availabilityand can be used for disaster recovery if an entire data center islost and cannot be recovered (although that has never happened). The additionalreplicas in a second zone can be accessed immediately if a primary zonebecomes unavailable during a long outage.

Compute Engine handles most disk management tasks for you so thatyou do not need to deal with partitioning, redundant disk arrays, or subvolumemanagement.Generally, you don't need to create larger logical volumes, but you can extendyour secondary attached Persistent Disk capacity to 257 TiB perVM and apply these practices to your Persistent Disk volumes if you want.You can save time and get the best performance if youformat your Persistent Disk volumeswith a single file system and no partition tables.

Persistent Disk performance is predictable and scales linearly withprovisioned capacity until the limits for an VM's provisioned vCPUs arereached. For more information about performance scaling limits and optimization,see Configure disks to meet performance requirements.

Standard Persistent Disk volumes are efficient and economical for handlingsequential read/write operations, but they aren't optimized to handle highrates of random input/output operations per second (IOPS). If your apps requirehigh rates of random IOPS, use SSD or extreme Persistent Disk. SSD Persistent Disk isdesigned for single-digit millisecond latencies. Observed latency isapplication specific.

Compute Engine optimizes performance and scaling on Persistent Diskvolumes automatically. You don't need to stripe multiple disks together orpre-warm disks to get the best performance. When you need more disk space orbetter performance, resize your disksand possibly add more vCPUs to add more storage space, throughput, and IOPS.Persistent Disk performance is based on the total Persistent Disk capacity attached to aVM and the number of vCPUs that the VM has.

For boot devices, you can reduce costs by using a standardPersistent Disk. Small, 10 GiB Persistent Disk volumes can work for basic boot andpackage management use cases. However, to ensure consistent performance for moregeneral use of the boot device, use a balanced Persistent Disk as your bootdisk.

Persistent Disk has built-in redundancy to protect your data againstequipment failure and to ensure data availability through datacentermaintenance events. Checksums are calculated for all Persistent Disk operations,so we can ensure that what you read is what you wrote.

Additionally, you cancreate snapshots of Persistent Disk toprotect against data loss due to user error. Snapshots are incremental, andtake only minutes to create even if you snapshot disks that are attachedto running VMs.

This feature is subject to the "Pre-GA Offerings Terms" in the General Service Terms section of the Service Specific Terms. Pre-GA features are available "as is" and might have limited support. For more information, see the launch stage descriptions.

Persistent Disk in multi-writer mode provides a shared block storage capabilityand presents an infrastructural foundation for building highly-availableshared file systems and databases. These specialized file systems and databasesshould be designed to work with shared block storage and handle cache coherencebetween VMs by using tools such asSCSI Persistent Reservations.

However, Persistent Disk with multi-writer mode should generally not be useddirectly and you should be aware that many file systems such as EXT4, XFS,and NTFS are not designed to be used with shared block storage. For moreinformation about the best practices when sharing Persistent Disk between VMs, see Best practices.

To enable multi-writer mode for new Persistent Disk volumes, create a newPersistent Disk and specify the --multi-writer flag in the gcloud CLIor the multiWriter property in the Compute Engine API. For more information, seeShare Persistent Disk volumes between VMs.

Compute Engine automatically encrypts your data before it travelsoutside of your VM to the Persistent Disk storage space. Each Persistent Diskremains encrypted either with system-defined keys or withcustomer-supplied keys.Google distributes Persistent Disk data across multiple physicaldisks in a manner that users do not control.

Each Persistent Disk volume can be up to 64 TiB in size, so there is noneed to manage arrays of disks to create large logical volumes. Each VM canattach only a limited amount of total Persistent Disk space and a limitednumber of individual Persistent Disk volumes. Predefined machine types andcustom machine types have the same Persistent Disk limits.

Regional Persistent Disk volumes have storage qualities that are similar to zonalPersistent Disk. However, regional Persistent Disk volumes provide durable storage andreplication of data between two zones in the same region.

For example, if you create one disk in a zone, such as in us-west1-a, youhave one copy of the disk. This is referred to as a zonal disk.You can increase the disk's availability by storing anothercopy of the disk in a different zone within the region, such as inus-west1-b.

Persistent Disk replicated across two zones in the same region are calledRegional Persistent Disk. You can also use Hyperdisk Balanced High Availability for cross-zonal synchronousreplication of Google Cloud Hyperdisk.

It is unlikely for a region to fail altogether, but zonal failures can happen.Replicating within the region to different zones, as shown in the followingimage, helps with availability and reduces disk latency. If both replicationzones fail, it is considered a region-wide failure.

In the replicated scenario, the data is available in the local zone(us-west1-a) which is the zone the virtual machine (VM) is running in. Then,the data is replicated to another zone (us-west1-b). One of the zones must bethe same zone that the VM is running in.

If you are designing robust systems orhigh availability services onCompute Engine, use Regional Persistent Disk combined with other bestpractices such as backing up your data using snapshots.Regional Persistent Disk volumes are also designed to work withregional managed instance groups.

Like zonal Persistent Disk, Regional Persistent Disk can achieve greaterIOPS and throughput performance on VMs with a greater number of vCPUs.For more information about this and other limitations, seeConfigure disks to meet performance requirements.

Compute Engine replicates data of your regional Persistent Disk to thezones you selected when you created your disks. The data of each replica isspread across multiple physical machines within the zone to ensure redundancy.

Similar to zonal Persistent Disk, you cancreate snapshots of Persistent Disk toprotect against data loss due to user error. Snapshots are incremental, andtake only minutes to create even if you snapshot disks that are attachedto running VMs.

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